Reaching the marginalized: EFA global monitoring report, 2010; 2010

0120ANNEXEducation for All Global Monitoring Reportdecline in levels 24definition 165nand disability 181and educational opportunity 164, 165and employment 83effect of food price rises 24, 45, 165, 167and marginalization 156and maternal health 46–7poverty gap, ethnic minority groups 171Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF)33, 34, 35poverty reduction programmesand IMF 33, 34, 35and marginalization 170–1, 188response to 190nsocial protection programmes 34, 37, 48,124, 186, 188–9, 190, 206–10, 273,294–5pre-primary educationsee also early childhood care andeducation (ECCE) (EFA goal)access 50–3, 52attendance 52costs of achieving EFA 125enrolment 50, 51, 51expenditure on 51financing gaps 130indigenous peoples 206teaching staff 114–15pregnancyantenatal care 42, 46, 47, 47, 48, 48, 170,181cause of dropout from school 147malnutrition in 43, 45, 46prejudice see discrimination; stereotyping;stigmatizationPRGF (Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility)33, 34, 35primary education see basic education;universal primary education (UPE)(EFA goal)Primary Education Development Plan (PEDP)(United Republic of Tanzania) 234,238Primary Education Recovery Program 232private aid 232, 262, 263partnerships 232–3, 237, 264–5, 267private educationnon-government organizations 175, 176,176, 195religious schools 167, 196in slum areas 175, 176, 176, 196private sector, delivery of TVE 87, 92Productive Safety Net Programme (Ethiopia)207, 208, 209, 295(Product)RED 263, 263professional development, teachers 117, 118Programa Brasil Alfabetizado (Brazil) 94Programa de Asignacíon Familiar (Honduras)294Programa de Formación de MaestrosBilingües de la Amazonía Peruana(Peru) 198Programme 135 (Viet Nam) 190Programme of Advancement through Healthand Education (Jamaica) 294Programme d’Analyse des SystèmesÉducatifs de la CONFEMEN(PASEC) (France) 109, 111Programme for International StudentAssessment (PISA) 107, 108–9,109, 109, 110, 111programme-based aid 237programmesaid programmes 218–19bilingual education 199–200, 201, 206birth registration 205cash transfers see cash transferprogrammesfor children with disabilities 202ECCE 49–50, 49, 52, 53, 53employment 89, 90, 91–2, 207, 208financing 263HIV and AIDS 185immunization 47, 232, 264, 565improving quality 245integrated approach 188–9, 272–3intercultural education 200learning achievement 111, 111, 173, 189,199, 200, 295literacy 53, 94, 102, 103, 103, 112–13, 113,195malnutrition 48, 208–9, 294, 295multigrade teaching 192–3poverty reduction see poverty reductionprogrammes main entryschool construction see school buildingprogrammes‘second chance’ 77, 87, 89–91, 90, 91,194, 195secondary transition 219skills development 90, 91–3, 91, 93, 194social protection 34, 37, 48, 124, 186,188–9, 190, 206–10, 273, 294–5teacher training 198Promise Academies 189Promise Neighborhoods 189PTR see pupil/teacher ratiopublic expenditure see education expenditurePunjab Education Sector Reform Programme(Pakistan) 295pupil/teacher ratioin pre-primary programmes 114–15primary schools 115, 115, 116targets for costings 123, 124use in teacher deployment 197QQatargender parity/disparity 109human rights 292learning achievement 105, 106, 107, 109,110reading literacy 108qualifications, from second chanceprogrammes 194qualified teachers 115–16, 245see also teacher trainingqualitative research, role in reducingmarginalization 272quality of education (EFA goal)deterioration following enrolmentincreases 166improving 111, 114–18inequalities between countries 105–7issues to be addressed 104and marginalization 139, 154pre-school 53and reading skills 112–13regional disparities 107–9school disparities 109–11, 110racial discrimination 292see also ethnic minority groups;indigenous peoplesRapid Social Response Fund 34reading assessments (PISA) 107, 108–9, 109,109, 110, 111reading fluency 112, 113reading literacyfailure to optimize 104high-income countries 96, 101indigenous peoples 158–9, 159importance for learning achievement 112primary education 108, 110, 113, 113programmes 53, 103, 112–13, 113secondary schools 108recession see economic downturnRed de Protección Social (Nicaragua) 207, 295redistributive finance 186, 210–13, 212–13, 273Reflect programme 103regional disparitiessee also nomadic communities;pastoralists; relative deprivation;rural areas; slum dwellerseducation poverty 145–6, 146, 147, 151–2,152illiteracy 96, 99–100, 101income distribution 45, 46, 50, 68, 68, 140,211–12learning achievement 107–11primary education 68, 68, 69–71, 70, 71registration 204–5relative deprivationdeveloped countries 155–9and education poverty 139, 150–4, 151,152, 153, 160–3factors 152, 160, 162religious schools 167, 196remittancessee also cash transfer programmesdecline due to economic downturn 25remote areas see nomadic communities;pastoralists; rural areasRepublic of the Congo see CongoRepublic of Koreaeducation aid donor 231n, 232Global Fund donor 263learning achievement 105, 105, 106, 156reading literacy 108relative deprivation 157technical and vocational education 92, 93youth unemployment 83Republic of Moldovaeducation aiddisbursements 256, 257national systems 236human rights 292national plan endorsement 253residency requirements, barrier to education175–6resources see development assistance (aid);education aid; finance; loansresults-based management, aid 237–8revenuedomestic 29, 30, 31, 127, 128, 129from football levy 232 233, 233Rewrite the Future Campaign (Guatemala) 245504