Reaching the marginalized: EFA global monitoring report, 2010; 2010

INDEXstunted children see childhood stuntingSub-Saharan Africasee also individual countriesabolition of school fees 165–6adolescents in school 75adult literacy 95, 95, 97, 97, 98, 99, 99,100, 101, 124basic education 75bilingual education 199–200cash transfer programmes 207child mortality rate 43classroom construction 191classrooms 124complementary education programmes194development assistance 218dropout rates 72effect of economic downturn 20, 22, 22,28, 30, 30economic growth 21, 23, 29, 31education aid 221, 222education expenditure 23, 31education poverty 139, 142external shocks 25, 33, 166financing gap 110food price rises 24, 32gender parity/disparity 60, 64, 83, 99, 99,109health aid 264health workers 48HIV and AIDS 184, 185language gap 150late entry 74learning achievement 106, 109linguistic diversity 173literacy programmes 96low birth weight 45maternal education 47maternal health care 46ODA 221orphans 184out-of-school children 55, 56, 56, 57, 57,59, 60, 74, 74, 75, 142pastoralists 178, 178poverty 164–5, 165poverty reduction 25, 33pre-primary education 50, 51primary education 194enrolment 62, 62, 74, 166pupil/teacher ratio 115school attendance 141school feeding programmes 208–9SDR allocation 33secondary education 80–1, 80, 81stunted children 44, 44teachers 116, 123, 124technical and vocational education 77, 78,79, 80, 84, 86, 87tertiary education 80, 81, 81youth literacy 99youth unemployment 82, 83, 83Sudansee also North Sudanadult literacy 97basic education 122child soldiers 180effect of conflict 57education aid 122, 245, 247disbursements 242education expenditure 242fiscal space 30, 31national plan endorsement 103primary education, enrolment 69stunted children 44teachers 117Sure Start (United Kingdom) 52Surinameeducation poverty 140, 143, 162, 163gender parity/disparity 162, 163out-of-school children 163rural areas 162, 163survival rate to grade 5 73sustainable finance, low-income countries29–30Swazilandeducation poverty 140, 162, 163gender parity/disparity 162, 163HIV and AIDS 184out-of-school children 163primary education, enrolment 59, 63, 65rural areas 162, 163school completion 72Swedenaid-to-GNI ratio 222, 224education aid donor 221, 222, 223, 229, 230Catalytic Fund 255disbursements 222fair share of target 223national systems 237Global Fund donor 263immigrant learning 157learning achievement 105, 107, 110, 156pre-primary education 51reading literacy 108youth unemployment 83Switzerlandeducation aid donorCatalytic Fund 255commitments 229, 230disbursements 222fair share of target 223national systems 237Global Fund donor 263human rights 292immigrant learning 157, 157language skills 49learning achievement 110, 156reading literacy 108technical and vocational education 77, 92Syrian Arab Republiceducation poverty 140, 162, 163gender parity/disparity, rural areas 162,163learning achievement 105out-of-school children 163system assessments see learningassessmentsTajikistanbasic education 127, 128education aid, disbursements 256, 257education expenditure 126, 127education poverty 140, 143, 162, 163gender parity/disparity 162, 163national plan endorsement 253out-of-school children 70, 163primary education 126rural areas 162, 163school completion 73Ttake-home rations 209, 294, 295Taliban, destruction of girls’ schools 180Tanzania see United Republic of Tanzaniatargeted programmessee also programmeseducation cost reduction 190risk from economic downturn 27for schools 199, 200social protection policies 209, 210, 294–5unemployment 89, 90, 91–2, 207, 208Targeting the Ultra Poor (Bangladesh) 210taxation, to raise revenue 29, 30, 31teacher deployment 196–8teacher recruitmentfollowing fee abolition 190from marginalized communities 197, 201rural areas 68, 115, 116, 195, 197and targeted programmes 199to achieve UPE 116, 117, 126, 126urban areas 115, 116teacher remuneration 120, 122, 123–4, 123,124, 125, 126, 126teacher shortages 115, 115, 149, 174, 197,261skilled teachers 196–7teacher trainingaid for 219, 251bilingual education 201for marginalization 198need for 118, 245, 261rural areas 194, 260teacherssee also teacher recruitment; teachertrainingcontract 115, 117deployment 196–8financial incentives 197–8pre-primary education 114–15professional development 117, 118qualified 115–16, 245quality of 187–8role 114salaries 117, 120, 122, 123–4, 123, 124,125, 126, 126teaching environment see learningenvironmentteaching materials see learning environment;textbookstechnical and higher education, bilateral aid230–1Technical Review Panel (Global Fund) 262–3technical and vocational education (TVE)see also vocational trackingin developing countries 84–9effect of economic recession 84and governance 66provision 77–82, 79, 80, 84–9, 85, 85, 86,88, 91–3requirements 76–7rights legislation 293role 77second chance programmes 77, 87,89–91, 90, 91skills programmes 90, 91–3, 91, 93teenagers see adolescents; learning and lifeskills (EFA goal); post-secondaryeducation; ‘second chance’programmes; tertiary educationTekoporã (Paraguay) 295tertiary educationsee also higher education507