Reaching the marginalized: EFA global monitoring report, 2010; 2010

0120ANNEXEducation for All Global Monitoring Reportand employment 83, 86enrolment 80legislation 292school life expectancy 81textbooksaccess to 114cost to parents 166provision 186, 190, 219, 229, 257, 260stereotyping in 201Thailandeffect of conflict 180Global Fund donor 263learning achievement 105, 106linguistic diversity 173out-of-school children 70reading literacy 109relative deprivation 157school completion 72technical and vocational education 84the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaeducation poverty 143, 162, 163gender parity/disparity 162, 163human rights 293out-of-school children 163rural areas 162, 163Third High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness217, 234, 235, 267Third World see developing countries; lowincomecountriesTimor-Lesteeducation aid, disbursements 256, 257human rights 293national plan endorsement 253primary education, enrolment 65school completion 72stunted children 44teachers 117TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematicsand Science Study) 105–6, 105,107, 109, 109, 110‘tipping points’ Harlem community project188Tobago see Trinidad and Tobagotoddlers, brain development 43, 43Togoadult literacy 97basic education 127, 128concessional loans 35ECCE programmes 52education expenditure 126, 127education poverty 140, 162, 163fiscal space 30, 31gender parity/disparity 66, 162, 163multigrade teaching 192out-of-school children 163primary education 126, 192enrolment 63, 65pupil/teacher ratio 115rural areas 162, 163school completion 72, 73teachers 117Total Literacy Campaign (India) 98tracking see vocational trackingtraining see teacher training; technical andvocational educationTraining Finance Fund (Egypt) 58Training Young Farmers for the 21st Century(China)transaction costs, aid delivery 220, 233, 234,245, 246, 250, 260transitioninto work 82–3, 93to secondary education 75, 166n, 219transition countries see countries intransitiontransport systems, and disabilities 191traumatized children 180, 181Trends in International Mathematics andScience Study (TIMSS) 105–6, 105,107, 109, 109, 110Trinidad and Tobagoeducation poverty 162, 163gender parity/disparity 162, 163out-of-school children 163rural areas 162, 163tuition feessee also education costsabolition 165–6, 190, 251, 257, 259Tunisiahuman rights 292learning achievement 105, 106, 107, 110relative deprivation 157school completion 72Turkeyeducation aid donor 231neducation poverty 140, 142, 143, 152, 153,162, 163gender parity/disparity 61, 150, 152, 153,162, 163human rights 293language gap 149, 150, 150, 152, 154language of instruction 173learning achievement 105, 110, 156out-of-school children 60, 60, 61, 70, 163primary education 54enrolment 70, 71, 71reading literacy 109relative deprivation 151, 151, 152, 157rural areas 162, 163school completion 72social protection programmes 295youth unemployment 83Turkish Constitution 1923 173Turkmenistanhuman rights 292Turks and Caicos Islandsprimary education enrolment 65UUgandaabolition of school fees 166adult literacy 97basic education 127, 128children with disabilities 182, 202, 203classroom construction 125, 126effect of conflict 145, 147dropout rates 72ECCE programmes 52education aid 230disbursements 242national systems 236education costs 166education expenditure 26–7, 35, 126, 127,242education poverty 140, 143, 145, 146, 147,147, 162, 163fiscal space 30, 31gender parity/disparity 147, 162, 163, 167Global Fund donor 263health costs 48immigrant refugees 179language gap 150out-of-school children 144, 163, 166parents with disabilities 184, 184,pastoralists 143, 144, 147, 178primary education 126, 147, 240enrolment 59, 59pupil/teacher ratio 114–15, 115, 115remittances 25, 33rural areas 162, 163stunted children 44teacher incentives 198teachers 114, 116, 116, 117technical and vocational education 87, 230Ukraineeducation poverty and gender disparity,rural areas 162, 163learning achievement 105, 107, 110out-of-school children 163school completion 73Un Buen Comienzo (Chile) 53unconditional social protection awards 208,295under-3s, brain development 43, 43underdeveloped countries see developingcountries; individual countries; lowincomecountries; middle-incomecountriesundernutritionsee also child health and nutrition;malnutritionand age of mother 47effect on educational achievement 42in utero 46unemployment 76, 82–4, 83and disability 181effect on EFA 25effect on individuals 21targeted programmes 89, 90, 91–2, 207,208youth 76, 82–4, 83UNESCO Institute for Statistics, out-of-schoolmodel 57–60, 58–9UNICEF, education aid 229, 230, 237, 260uniforms, cost 166, 190UNITAID, medicinal drug supply 263, 263United Arab Emirateseducation aid donor 231nschool completion 73United Kingdomsee also England; Scotlandaid-to-GNI ratio 224ECCE programmes 52education aid donoraid for reconstruction 246Catalytic Fund 227, 255, 255, 260, 273commitments 222, 223, 224, 226, 228,229, 230for conflict areas 245, 245ndisbursements 222enrolment 232fair share of target 223for fee abolition 48national systems 236, 237Global Fund donor 263health aid 263human rights 293language skills 49learning achievement 106, 107, 110, 156reading literacy 108‘second chance’ programmes 91508