Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Knowledge ...

Jan Pawlowski and Markus Bick
awareness building and training processes into <strong>the</strong> knowledge processes to facilitate cultural
understanding. Cultural factors also influence how and which knowledge is shared.
Table 2: Stakeholder and context categories
Source /
Category Description Sample Values / Attributes
Individual:
Personal
Characteristics
Individual:
Barriers
Context:
Organizational
Characteristics
Context:
Organizational
Barriers
Context: Cultural
Characteristics
Context: Cultural
Barriers
Context:
Infrastructure
Characteristics
Context: Success
factors
4. Knowledge
Description <strong>of</strong>
individuals’
characteristics
Potential barriers
towards knowledge
management
utilization
Description <strong>of</strong>
organization
characteristics
Potential
organizational
barriers towards
knowledge
management
utilization
Description <strong>of</strong>
cultural
characteristics
Potential cultural
barriers towards
knowledge
management
utilization
Description <strong>of</strong>
infrastructure
Success factors for
KM in organizations
Demographic data (name, age,
gender, …)
Media Preferences
Qualifications
lack <strong>of</strong> time
fear about job security;
lack <strong>of</strong> awareness
Name
Size
Type (private, government, NGO, …)
lack <strong>of</strong> leadership and managerial
direction / strategies
shortage <strong>of</strong> formal and informal spaces
to share, reflect and generate (new)
knowledge;
internal competitiveness within
business units,
Power Distance, Uncertainty
avoidance, individualism, …
Value <strong>of</strong> errors
Roles <strong>of</strong> knowledge experts
Inability <strong>of</strong> communication
Inability <strong>of</strong> collaboration
Fear / insecurity
National ICT policies
Strategies
Communication networks
Integrated Technical Infrastructure
Knowledge Strategy (regarding users,
sources, processes, storage strategy,
…)
Clear knowledge structure
References
Maier & Thalmann
(2010), Pawlowski
et al. (2010),
Stewart (1998)
Fahey & Prusak
(1998), Lugger &
Kraus (2007),
Maier (2007)
Desouza and
Evaristo (2003)
McDermott and
O’Dell (2001),
CEN (2004), Bick
(2004),
Maier (2007)
Richter and
Pawlowski (2007)
Desouza &
Evaoristo (2003),
Holden (2002),
McDermott and
O’Dell (2001),
DeLong & Fahey
(2000)
Gibbs et al. (2002)
Richter and
Pawlowski (2007)
Bick (2004), Maier
(2007), Fahey and
Prusak (1998),
Lehner and Haas
(2010)
This category describes knowledge aspects and elements which are shared or required in <strong>the</strong>
organization. This category can contain for example problems to which knowledge is applied as well
as resources representing codification <strong>of</strong> knowledge.
Table 3: Knowledge categories
Source /
Category Description Sample Values / Attributes
Knowledge
element
Knowledge type
Problem
Description <strong>of</strong>
knowledge areas <strong>of</strong>
an organization
What kind <strong>of</strong>
knowledge
Problems to which
knowledge is applied
Subject area
Type (procedural, factual, …)
Representation / codification
Knowing that / knowing how
Tacit / implicit / explicit
Knowledge as object / knowledge
as process
Problem description
Context
Related knowledge
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References
Thalmann (2011),
Pirkkalainen et al.
(2010)
Nonaka and
Tackeuchi (1995)
Kalz et al. (2010)