Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Knowledge ...

Lila Rajabion and Jafar Zanganeh
risk effect that is called risk degree (Carbone, 2004). This guide was used to evaluate all risks. By
evaluating risk probability, potential effects on <strong>the</strong> goals <strong>of</strong> project are investigated such as schedule,
expense, quality or operation including negative effects related to threats and positive effects related
to opportunities. Risks can be given priority by analyzing <strong>the</strong>m quantitatively and based on <strong>the</strong>ir
degrees. Risk probability should be multiplied by its effect and severity which is <strong>the</strong> same as analyzing
failure cases and is used in processes, designing and planning services(Carbone, 2004). FMEA
technique has been used primary at US army, <strong>the</strong>n o<strong>the</strong>r industries identified its usefulness(MIL-
STD1629) and recently it has been used in car manufacturing and part making industries. At <strong>the</strong>
moment, <strong>the</strong> technique is being used in quality management system as one <strong>of</strong> integral tools with o<strong>the</strong>r
techniques. In fact, this method is a tool to prevent errors and is an efficient method for updating,
creating new designs and reviewing <strong>the</strong>m. The method also is being used in risk management <strong>of</strong>
project management and is suitable for risk management with some changes. In recent years, many
researches have been done in respect <strong>of</strong> using FMEA, analyzing and evaluating risk management.
Studies done by Canon led to development <strong>of</strong> RFMEA model. US defense ministry planned a new
model <strong>of</strong> FMEA in order to determine critical points and is called EMECA. Recently, a new method
called analyzing critical effects and disorders has been designed to determine possible disorders in
complex processes <strong>of</strong> management. In this study, considering researches done by o<strong>the</strong>r researchers
in respect <strong>of</strong> FMEA technique, we have used following stages to develop a conceptual model from
FMEA technique to identify risks <strong>of</strong> projects <strong>of</strong> knowledge management.
Determining failure graph
Determining potential risk
Determining effects <strong>of</strong> potential risks
Determining risk severity
Determining risk level and degree
Determining causes/ potential mechanism <strong>of</strong> risk
Determining current controls in project process
1- preventing potential risk/ causes <strong>of</strong> risk mechanism
2- finding potential risk or its causes/ mechanism
Determining risk occurrence
Determining risk discovery
Risk number
Strategy <strong>of</strong> facing risk
When risk number obtained from determined range was more <strong>the</strong>n what it was at <strong>the</strong> beginning,
preventive or modifying actions are issued. The risk will be controlled or omitted regarding <strong>the</strong> defined
strategy. After defining corrective measure, analyses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> risk that can not be corrected are
documented by redesigning and determining more controls to reduce risks. RPN is <strong>the</strong> product <strong>of</strong>
three standards that have already been discussed: severity number, occurrence number and
probability number
In each project, in order to determine acceptable level <strong>of</strong> RPN, opinions <strong>of</strong> top managers, project
manager and supporters should be defined.
8. PMBOK and project risk management
The project is a temporal attempt that is done in direction <strong>of</strong> creating a product, service or a unique
result. Temporal nature <strong>of</strong> projects suggests a certain opening and closing(PMI2008). The concept <strong>of</strong>
risk management relates to all events or conditions that can have positive or negative effects on
project goals. The risks can be categorized into internal risks, which <strong>the</strong> project team can determine or
control it, and external risks, on which <strong>the</strong>re is no control(Carbone, 2004). Risk is <strong>the</strong> forth area in
guide to project knowledge management. Several tools available for risk management <strong>of</strong> projects
have been defined. These tools list how risks happen in critical points <strong>of</strong> projects. PMBOK content is
used for project managers who manage projects’ risks. Risk management <strong>of</strong> projects includes leading
<strong>the</strong> process, planning risk management, identifying, analyzing, response planning and controlling <strong>the</strong>
projects. The goals <strong>of</strong> risk management <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> project are to increase <strong>the</strong> probability and <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong>
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