W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

92 The Coins of Europe
during the revolutionary interval. His Holiness struck here the madonnina
and sampietrino (5 and i\ baiocchi).
Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne, a mint of the Kings of Austrasia, of
Charles the Simple, of the Counts of Auvergne, and from 1044 of the
cathedral and chapter of Clermont. Down to 1360 each bishop on his
election swore to make no change in the money without the consent of
the chapter. We only hear of deniers and mailles. The m. was = 3 d.
Ar., Arverna, or Urbs. Averna. After the transfer to the Church in 1044
the head and name of the Virgin appeared on the money.
Cleves, capital of the ancient duchy of the same name, and the seat of
of Frederic
one of the mints, 1
5th- 6th 1 c. There is a 6-kreutzer piece
II. of Prussia, 1757, struck here.
Cluny, an abbatial mint, perhaps from the loth, but certainly from the
nth c. But the abbots appear to have struck money at an early period
at Saint Jean d'Angely and'elsewhere, and it has been supposed that they
also did so at Saint Gengoux, a mint established by Louis VII. in 1166,
and suppressed by Philip le Hardi in 1281. Cluniaco Cenobio.
Coblentz, a mint of the Archbishops of Trvees (i4th-i7th c.). There is
also a denier of Bruno II., Archbishop of Cologne, 1131-37, struck here.
Conflventia, Covelncnsis, Covcnensis.
Coburg, a mint of the Counts of Henneberg in the I3th c.,
of the
Margraves of Brandenburgh (i4th c.), of the Margraves of Misnia, and
of the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, sprung from the Ernestine branch
of the ducal house of Saxony. There are small bracteates belonging to
this town with the device of a negro's or Moor's head.
Coconato, a place indicated on certain coins of the Counts of Radicate.
A copper quattrino of the i6th c. has on obv. in field Coco.
Coerbeck, a mint of the See of Cologne, 1237-61.
Coesfeld, Westphalia, the apparent place of origin of certain copper
pieces of 4, 8, and 12 pfenningen for local currency. They bear a bull's
head.
Coevorden, Overijssel, a signiory or Chatellenic in the I4th c. It was
originally a separate lordship, but was united with Selwerd by the
marriage of Herman von Coevorde to Ida, daughter and heiress of
Hendrik, Seigneur of Selwerd. A groot of this chatellan of the I4th c.
(1340-50) reads Moneta Selwordensis. But the title to Coevorde was
vested at a shortly subsequent period in Raynald III., Duke of Gueldres,
of whom there is a groot of the same type as the one just mentioned with
Moneta Kovordensis Renold Dni Kovorden. Com p. Selwerd.
Coimbra, Spain, a Visigothic mint, and one of the early Kings of
Portugal. Eminio.
Colberg, Pomerania, struck during the siege by the French in 1807,
paper pieces of 2, 4, and 8 groschen.
Colmar, Alsace, a mint established by a concession of the Emperor
Charles IV. in 1376, and in operation till 1674. There is a rare thaler of
1527. The figure of St. Martin and the morgenstern, or town-mace,
occur on most of the coins. A municipal mint in the I7th c.
Cologne or Coin, a mint of the Kings of Austrasia (Col. V.}, of the
Emperor Louis IV. or the Young, 899-911, and of Otto I., 936-73. It
continued to be an important imperial mint down to the nth c.,
and an
ecclesiastical one to a much later date. The Florentine gold type was
copied here. There was also a considerable civic currency in silver and
copper. The albus and the stick were denominations in those two metals.
There is a piece of viii. Albus Colnisch, 1635. There are at least two