W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

234 The Coins of Europe
coinage of Perpignan. Louis XIII. of France issued from the Barcelona
mint a s. with his portrait in 1642 during the French occupation of part
of Spain.
Skefpenning, or Skef, the half of the Norwegian penning.
Shilling, a Danish copper denomination, with its multiples in silver.
It seems to have fluctuated in weight and size from time to time. Comp.
Banco, Courant, and Species.
*Slet Dollar, Danish. Slecht, a 4-mark piece.
Snaphaan, a piece of 3 stuivers. Low Countries. There was the \
and the j.
Snaphaanschclling, escalin with horseman (escalin au cavalier), struck
by Philip II. of Spain for the Netherlands.
Sol, or Solidus, a gold coin imitated during the Middle Ages from
Byzantine models, and current in France and Italy. It was less diffused
than the tremissis or triens. Both were struck for the Lombard Kings
of Italy and the solidus by some of the emperors.
Sol, originally a billon, but subsequently a copper coin in the French,
Swiss, and other series under variant forms of the word. It corresponds
to the German solidus, Italian soldo, and Spanish sueldo.
There is a copper series of i, 6, and 12 sols, struck for the pay
of the soldiers at Geneva in 1590. The Swiss sol continued in use
both in copper and billon down to the establishment of an uniform
currency. Copper pieces of i and 2 sols were issued under the first
French Republic, 1'an 2, in more than one variety, and of 2 sols 6
deniers in 1791. The sol was then evidently =12 deniers. There are
pieces of 3 and 6 sols in billon struck by Leopold II. for Luxemburgh,
1790, and of i sol in copper. During the siege of Mayence by the republican
forces in 1793, a coinage took place of I, 2, and 5 sols, apparently of
French origin, and perhaps for the pay of the troops. During the Peninsular
War Ferdinand VII. issued a silver piece of 30 sous with the corners
clipped, and one of the same value for the Balearic Isles in 1821 and
1823 of circular form. At Lille (1708) the French defenders struck pieces
of 5, 10, and 20 sols.
Soldino, a small silver coin introduced at Venice in the I4th c., and
subsequently current in other parts of Northern Italy. Louis XII. of
France struck it at Asti.
Soldino nuovo, a modified type of the older coin, introduced under
Andrea Centarini (1367-82).
Soldino vessillifero, or Vesillifero, a type of the soldino, representing
the Doge, as standard-bearer of Venice, receiving the banner of St. Mark
from the patron-saint. It first occurs, we believe, under Andrea Dandolo
(1328-54). On one side (obv.) we read : Andr. Dandvlo. Dvx., and on
rev. Vexillifer. Venecia. The piece, which remained in circulation till the
time of Francesco Foscari (1423-57), was suggested by the Florentine
dignity of Gonfaloniere.
Soldo, a copper coin struck for some of the Italian republics, for
Austrian Lombardy, for the Napoleonic kingdom of Etruria, 1803, for the
kingdom of Italy under Napoleon, 1806-13, ar>d for the duchy of Lucca and
Piombino. The soldo appears to be specified in the coronation-oath of
the Venetian Doge, Giacomo Tiepolo, 1229, but has not been precisely
identified. The Dukes of Milan made their grossi at different times = 8
and 5 s.
Soldo novo da S. Paolino, a billon coin of Lucca, i8th c., with an
effigy of St. Paulinus on rev.