W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Descriptive Outline of the Coinages of Eiirope 535
and esphera of his successor Emmanuel, rank among the most
precious remains of the class, while the indio of 1499
is unrecovered.
The portuguez of John III. (1521-57), and the
St. Thomas and St. Vincent types of this and the following
reigns, and the engenhoso and Guadalupe ducatcw of Sebastian
C 1 5 5 7~7 8), the former the earliest dated example, and the
latter another of the introuvables, form additional sources of
trouble for the enthusiast. It has been mentioned that nearly
all the coins issued between the fatal battle of Alcazar
in 1578 and the latter half of the seventeenth century, embracing
the epoch of Hispano-Portuguese rule, the Azores
series, and the reigns of John IV. and Alfonso VI. (1640-83),
be taken to be more or less rare, especially in fine state.
may
It
may be well to specify the silver crusado of Antonio L,
the 4 cruzado gold piece of Philip II. of Spain, the gold
conceiq&o of John IV, 1648, and the 5, 3, and i^ reis pieces
of the same monarch. Of the later currency, the colonial
denominations, and above all those in base silver and in lead
struck for and at Goa, deserve attention ;
and the gold, from
the 'time of John V. down to that of Maria II.,
is well
executed, and interesting in many cases from the portraits.
The crucible is
absorbing it tolerably fast.