W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

198 The Coins of Europe
struck for several of the cantons and for the Confederation. In 1800 a
piece of 32 francs a quadruple ducat or double duplone, was issued in
the name of the latter.
Duro, or Douro, the name of a silver = piece about 5 peseta, struck at
Granada by Ferdinand VII., 1808, as money of necessity. Also part of
the monetary system of Spain under the law of the 26th June 1864.
Whelan says that the d. was known at Gibraltar as the Hard Dollar or Cob.
Dtitgen, Dantzic silver, value 3 groschen.
Dvougrivenik) the Russian 20-kopeck piece or double grivenik.
*Ebroeer, Danish silver, value 14 skillings. The Justus Judex. [The
type is also found in gold.]
Ecu, the gold, old Fr. escu, a French coin struck under the Valois
and earlier Bourbon kings, and presenting at different times several
types, as the porc-tpic, a la couronne, au soleil, au bandeau, aux lunettes,
etc. In 1625, during the suspension of the Tower mint at London, owing
to the Plague, the French quart d^ecu or cardecu (as it is said to have been
spelled) was made for a short time legal tender by proclamation.
Ecu, the silver, a French coin first struck, with the half and other
divisions, under Louis XIII., 1642. There are cssais of 1641. This
belonged to the scheme for the general improvement of the coinage.
The old franc d'' argent, however, continued to appear even so late as the
reign of Louis XIV. The Spaniards term this denomination the escudo,
the Italians the scudo, the Hollanders the schild, pi. schilden.
Ecu du Parlcmcnt, the silver e"cu of Louis XIV. with the aged bust,
curled peruke, and embroidered cravat, published about 1709.
Engcls, the Teutonic Angel or Angelet, a Saxon denomination for a
kipper or plated thaler of 40 groschen, with an angel as part of the type.
There is an engel-groschen of Saxe-Weimar, 1567. In the Low Countries,
a gold piece of the same character was struck, and is generally
described as an angelot.
Engelsk, a Danish esterling = 3 penningen. Early I5th c.
Engcnhoso, a gold Portuguese coin, first struck in or about 1561 by
Sebastian (1557-78), and worth 500 reis. It is said to have been engraved
by Joao Gongalves of Guimaraes, and is remarkable as the first piece in
this series bearing a date, which occurs in the angles of the cross on rev.,
and as having the legend on that side in an inner circle. The novelty
of the type suggested the name. Fernandes (Mem. 1856, p. 143) figures
one of 1
563.
Engroigne, a small coin of Burgundy. Blanchet.
Ephraimitc, a byword for the pieces of 8 groschen struck at Berlin
by Frederic the Great about 1759, from the name of one of the directors
of the mint.
Equipaga, the \ macuta or \i\ reis. Portuguese colonial currency.
Erncstiis and half ernestus, a type of denier struck by Ernest of
Bavaria, Count of Loos and Bishop of Lie"ge, 1582, with the imperial title
on rev.
Escalin, schelling, or schellinck, a silver or billon coin of various
types struck during a lengthened period in the Low Countries, and = 3
stuivers. There are the half and double. The roosschelling bears a
floriated cross, the hoodjeschelling the stadtholder's bonnet or hood on a
staff in the claw of a lion rampant. A third variety bears a ship, and a
fourth (of Albert and Isabella, 1598-1621) a peacock. Comp. also Snaphaamchelling.