W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Descriptive Outline of the Coinages of E^lrope 467
sense, they may without great impropriety fall under the present
category and among them occur, besides the common
;
Melle type, many alike interesting and rare. The coins of
Pepin himself are all difficult to procure, and are quoted at
high figures in foreign catalogues, more especially the
denarius with Dom. Pipi. and Eli. Most. Na., supposed to be
posthumous. These pieces are, as a rule, of small module,
and resemble the Melle obole of Charlemagne with Korlvs in
a monogram. The lead one, reading D.N.P.F.PP. Aug.,
with a helmeted bust in armour holding lance and buckler,
and on reverse, Renovat\io\ Ro. Imp. and a gateway, bears the
name of Rome, where it was doubtless struck, and we have
no hesitation in supposing the same to be the case with the
ordinary specimens exhibiting the legends D.N. Carlvs
Imp. Aug. Rex F\rancoruni\ et
L\angobardorum\ and
Carlvs Rex Fr., and on rev. Et. Lang. Ac. Pat\ricius\ Rom
[anus]. Accompanying the latter is a monogram explained
to signify the name of Pope Adrian I., which might fix its
appearance between 772 and 795. Mention should also
be made of the type with Metal. German, an indication of
the early recourse to the mines of the Hartz region for ore,
and of a denarius attributed to Louis IV., on which a diademed
bust and the words Capvt Regis present themselves. From
a different point of view we cite the coins of Pepin with
Milo, and those of Charlemagne with
Rodlan, because these
inscriptions are given to Milon, Count of Narbonne, and to the
celebrated hero of romance, Roland or Orlando, the emperor's
nephew.
A reference to the Catalogue of Mints will shew that,
while the number was enormous under the Merovingian
system, rather from the method of production than the
extent of output, the wider area of the Carlovingian rule,
coupled with political and social progress, maintained the
list at a somewhat high level, while the difference was by
degrees fully made up by the growth of the feudal coinage,
instituted in all parts of the realm by concessions from the
Crown. The consequence
is that, in lieu of an immense
array of moneyers and mints, we are confronted, as we cross