W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Catalogue of European Denominations 199
Escalin, a copper denomination struck by Russia during the period 'of
occupation for Prussia, 1759-61.
Escalin, a plated coin struck by the third French Republic for the
colony of St. Domingo, with the emblem of Liberty on one side and the
value on the other.
Escndillo, a gold coin struck in Spain under Charles IV. (1793), and
probably = 10 reales. Isabella II. issued a similar piece in 1857, which
was perhaps suggested by the French 5 francs in gold.
Escudo, the Spanish equivalent for the Italian scudo and French fau,
and the Spanish monetary basis under the law of 1864, which made
it= 10 reales. Among the patterns struck in or about 1864 we meet with
a piece of 4 reales or 40 cent 5 de escudo there
- ; appears to have been
a twofold method of computation or subdivision, by the escudo and real.
Espadim, a Portuguese coin (i) in billon, (2) in gold of the I5th c.,
which owed its name to the hand grasping a sword on obv. in a tressure,
with four besants in the curves. The rev. has the shield in a similar
enclosure. The billon piece belongs to the reign of Alfonso V., the gold
one to that of John II. They differ in type, and there are varieties, again,
in the gold coin, which usually weighs from 58 to 65 gr.
Esphera, (i) a gold Portuguese coin of fine standard, weight 32^ gr.,
struck under Emmanuel (1495-1521) for the colonies, with the half. An
example of the latter, figured by Fernandes, has on obv. Mea, crowned,
and on rev. a globe traversed by a band. (2) A silver P. coin, struck at
Goa in the i6th c.
Estenevant, a very early denomination for the money of Besancon,
from the bust or effigy of St. Etienne or Estienne placed upon
it. We
find the livre estenevant mentioned in 1
507. The type was imitated by
the Princes of Orange and the Seigneurs of Charenton and the
; money
itself was long current in Burgundy and the Viennois.
Etschkreutzer, the name given in the Tyrol to the kreutzer, which is
said to have owed its origin to that region, and to have been current
there in the I3th c.
Fanain and half fanain of silver struck under Louis XIV. for Pondichery
and the Isle de Bourbon, as well as, perhaps, for the other French
colonies in the Indian Ocean. The f. of smaller module continued to be
struck under Louis XV. and XVI.; the flan is usually too small for the
die, owing possibly to the employment of that of the grand fanam for
the more diminutive coin.
Fanam, a copper coin known as the f. an cog, struck under Louis
Philippe, 1836, for Pondichery.
Pel, ,3. Moorish billon or base silver denomination belonging to the
coinage of the Kings of Granada. Coins of irregular form, often denoting
where, if not at what date, they were struck. Comp. Granada in
C. of Mints.
Feldthaler,feldklippe, the German expressions for siege-pieces struck
in the course of a campaign by the besiegers.
Fennig. See Pfenning.
Ferding, a silver coin struck at Riga and Revel in the i6th c., and belonging
to the currency of the Order of Livonia = \ thaler. Whelan adds
that it was used as money of account at Libau, and as Russian currency.
Ferrarino, a billon piece = \ bolognino, struck at Ferrara during the
republican epoch with the sanction and name of the Emperor Frederic II.
Pert (or Fort\ a small billon coin of Savoy, I4th = c. 4 pites or 2