W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

300 The Coins of Europe
See of Cologne struck money early in the thirteenth century,
and some of the abbatial pieces date from the same period.
In certain instances there was a convention between the
Church and the town, and in others the latter received the
privilege of a mint from the tenant-in-chief.
Notice may be taken of two very rare coins of Walmoden-Gimborn,
struck by Count Ludwig, 1736-181 1, Prince
of the Holy Roman Empire, and a natural son of George II.
of Great Britain by the Countess of Yarmouth. They are a
ducat and a convention-gulden, both in silver and of the
year 1802. The former sold at the Reinmann sale in 1891,
No. 782, for 48 marks.
Jerome Napoleon, King of Westphalia, 1806-13, left
behind him fairly copious numismatic memorials of his reign.
In gold we find pieces of 40 franks, 1813, 20 franks, 1809,
and i o and
5 franks, 1813; in silver, the gulden or
| thaler, 1808-9-10-11-12-13, the 5 -frank piece, 1809,
the convention-thaler of I 8 10-1 i-i 2-1 3, and one of 1811
with Siegcn des Mans/cider Berghaues on reverse in base
;
silver or billon, the xxiv. marien-groschen, the 20 and 10
centimes ;
and finally, in copper, the 5, 3, 2, and I centimes.
The least usual in occurrence are the 40 franks in gold and
the type of the |- thaler, with the unfilleted head to left.
But none is common in fine state.
In this portion of the Fatherland we have to look for
several important sources of coinage, as it comprehends so
many townships and governments which have
Provinces P ossessed independent rights and undergone
striking vicissitudes. Among these we may
specify the cities of Cologne and Treves, the town of Aixla-Chapelle,
and the dukedoms of Berg, Cleves, and Juliers,
and in the course of time
originally separate jurisdictions,
united under the Electors of Saxony. Aix-la-Chapelle
struck some of the earliest dated money and in the
; early
currency of the three duchies will be found many examples
remarkable for their variety and workmanship. The Dukes of
Cleves entered into a monetary union in the sixteenth century
(1511) with other Powers, including the Duke of Bavaria,