W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Descriptive Outline of the Coinages of Europe 403
was a struggle against tyranny ;
that of the Hollanders was
one against tyranny and Catholicism. The result, from an
historical point of view, was that the North was enabled to
form itself into a great and potent republic and a first-rate
European Power, while the South wore the Austrian yoke
only to exchange
it at the French Revolution for another.
Both portions of the Netherlands became French ;
but
Holland had done its part, like Venice, and had its day.
It had a glorious past to contemplate and cherish. During
two centuries it had known no foreign master.
Counts of Holland
This important and extensive domain was created by
Charles le Chauve in favour of Thierri I. in 863. Our knowledge
of the earlier rulers of the province is very fragmentary,
and there are no numismatic remains, identifiable as belonging
here, prior to the twelfth century and the reign of
Thierri VI., 1122-57, who struck deniers, bearing a head
and a double cross, with Hollant. Yet it is
possible that
the pieces of a similar kind, ascribed to Florent van Voogd,
with Conies. Jwlladie, a bust in profile, and on reverse Hollant,
may refer to Florent I., and be anterior. In the course of
the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the progress in the
coinage was parallel to that in the other portions of the Low
Countries, obeying the wave which made itself felt over the
whole of Western Europe, and which changed the face of the
currencies throughout alike in respect to fabric and variety.
The primitive denier was gradually reinforced by the groot
of the tournois type, the ^ groot with the lion,
the botdrager,
the agnel or klein lam, the mouton or groot lam, the florin,
and the clinkaert or chaise. The successive transfers to the
houses of Bavaria in 1345 and Burgundy in 1428 influenced
and enriched the coinage. The last count of the Bavarian
line issued money with the quartered shield of Bavaria,
Arnhem, Nimmhegen, Ruremonde, and Zutphen. The most
ancient mint of which we hear was Dordrecht, m.m. a
rose, which continued to strike money
for the Dukes of