W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

212 The Coins of Europe
Livonese, a special currency for Livonia and Essthonia, struck by virtue
of an ukase of the Czarina Elizabeth, 25th October 1756. It consisted of
pieces of 96, 48, 24, 4, and 2 kopecks.
Livra, with its divisions to the i6th, a monetary value or weight,
current in the South of France, at Toulouse, Bordeaux, Cahors, Rodez,
Orthez, etc., from the middle of the i3th to the I5th or even i6th c. ;
chiefly struck in bronze, and perhaps to be distinguished from the
ordinary series of these monuments, which expressly state their object
and equivalent.
Livre, a term for money of account in France, or at least in Paris,
in the nth c., where we hear of a payment of 100 libra auri. This,
like the mark, was an idea borrowed from Italy, probably from
Venice.
Livrc, or Livre Tournois, the same as the Italian lira, a French silver
denomination or unit superseded at the Revolution of 1792 by the
modern franc. The old silver tcu was = 6 livres tournois. We have not
seen the unit except as a siege-piece struck at Aire-sur-la-Lys in 1641.
The piece of 10 livres, coined by General Decaen, Governor of the He de
Bourbon in 1810, was known as \.\ie
piastre Dccacn.
Louis, the name of the gold coin first struck in 1640 at the reformation
of the French currency under Louis XIII. There is the half, the
double, the quadruple, and the octuple louis. The last two are of excessive
rarity.
The type and denomination continued in vogue
till the
Revolution of 1791. At the Reinmann sale in 1891-92, Part i.,
No. 155,
a piefort of the ^ louis of 1644 (misprinted in Cat.
marks about 28.
1614) /etched 560
Louis XV. Louis U'or, 1717.
Luigino, a silver coin of Genoa, 1668, of which one type is varied
from the georgino; see Cat. Rossi, 1880, No. 1638 ;
a second has a
wholly different reverse with a Janus head and the value, (ii.) A silver
coin of Maria Maddalena Malaspina-Centurioni, Marchesa di Fosdinuovo,
1667, with M. Mad. Mai. S. O. W. Dei. Fosd., with a portrait to r.,
and on rev. Et. Redem. Mevs. Dns. Adiutor. 1667, with shield, (iii.) A
silver coin of Gerardo Spinola, Marchese di Arquata, 1682-94. Cat.
Rossi, 1880, Nos. 196, 1458.
*Lunga, the currency of Leghorn, as distinguished from that of
Florence.
*Lusbnrger [or rather Lticeburger\, Luxemburgh silver penny [denier],
temp. King Edward I. ;
forbidden in England, temp. Edward III.
Macuta, mea macuta, and 2 to 12 macutas, etc., Portuguese colonial
currency struck for Guinea and Mozambique, and probably indebted for
its name to the Makua or Makuana, the tribes behind Mozambique. See
an interesting note in Fernandes, p. 266.