W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

320 The Coins of Europe
the 4-gulden of 1752, and the ducat of 1815. Much fuller
information than we can afford to is
give furnished in the
elaborate volume by Mr. Atkins on Colonial Money.
But independently of the duchy and monarchy, the province,
and the town of Hanover or Alstadt itself, constituted
the site of many early mints and the source of a plentiful
and varied coinage, bearing the names of seigneurs, towns,
and religious establishments, among them being Aurich,
Diepholz, Gottingen, Goslar, Hildesheim, Osnabriick, and
9 Pfeiinigen of Osnahriick, 1625.
the Counts of Bentheim and East Friesland.
Of the several
places of coinage within this area our Catalogue supplies
particulars. Hildesheim, which has experienced two periods
of prosperity, and preserves many traces of its former importance,
is associated with the famous 4-ducat piece of
Charles V., 1528. All the money of East Friesland is rare,
especially the gold. The series appears to extend from the
middle of the fifteenth to that of the eighteenth century.
There are two remarkable pattern thalers of Enno III., 1614
and 1616, struck on square flans. A gold ducat of Karl
Edzard, 1737, with a bust to right, reads on obverse
Carolvs Edzardvs D G Pr Fris Or and on reverse
Dominvs Essi Et Witin. The shield is of six quarterings ;
in the fifth appears the crowned bull. The prince was also
Lord of Essen and Wittmund.
At one time an independent
fief of the Counts or Graven
of Rustringen, this province and eventually grand-duchy has
successively followed the fortunes of Denmark,
Russia, and Germany. Within its boundaries we
count five mints, one or two of great antiquity. The