W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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334 The Coins of Europe Holy Roman emperors from Ferdinand I., brother of Charles V., to Leopold II. (1521-1792); particularly the thalers and double thalers of Ferdinand (of which considerable numbers have been recently found), Rodolph II., Leopold I. and Claudia de' Medici with their busts accollated ; Joseph I., Francis I. (struck at Augsburgh, 1745), and Maria Theresa. In addition to the ordinary currency of the lastnamed sovereign, we have not only that for the provinces and dependencies, but the ubiquitous thaler of 1780, which is accepted in China, Abyssinia, and Ashantee, and occurs countermarked with Chinese characters, 1 and the beautiful jubilee piece of 1888, produced under the auspices of the Numismatic Society of Vienna. Collectors should be aware that there are two varieties of this noble thaler, one with a plain, the other with an inscribed edge. The coinage of Francis Joseph, which goes back to 1 848, of which year there is, however, a coinage of his uncle and predecessor Ferdinand, has accumulated into a voluminous assemblage of types and denominations, among which we may cite the 2O-kreutzer piece of 1852 with the head to left. In copper Austria lagged far behind her neighbours and contemporaries, and for the arch-duchy and empire appears to have possessed nothing prior to Maria Theresa. The employment of this metal to any appreciable extent began in i 800, when we have a series of 6, 3, I, ^, and \ kreutzer. There are subsequent issues of 30 and 15 kreutzer, 1807, as Emperor of Austria (money of necessity), of ^, ^, I, and 3 kreutzer, 1812; of \, \, and I kreutzer, I 8 6 1 of 2 kreutzer (of large, thick fabric), 1848; of \, \, I, 2, and 3 ; kreutzer, 1851 of ; 4 kreutzer, 1861, and doubtless others intermediately. At present, the resort to bronze has become a regular institution, and since 1858 the Austrian silver florin has been computed as = 100 kreutzer, in lieu of 60, according to the old standard. The Austrian Tyrol, which was united to the arch-duchy in the person of Maximilian I. in 1496 by the death without issue of Sigismund, Margraf of Elsas and Count of the 1 It is periodically restruck from the old dies for commercial use.
COI'NS OF AUSTRIA AND THE TYROL, 1479-1760. Maximilian and Mary of Burgundy : schauthaler, 1479. Sigismund, Arch-Duke of Austria : J dickthaler, 1484 Ferdinand Charles : 3 kreutzer, 1638. Maria Theresa : gold florin, 1742. Maria Theresa : double liard for the Austrian Netherlands Maria Theresa: kreutzer struck for Gorz.
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COINAGE EUROPEAN CONTINENT
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THE COINAGE OF THE EUROPEAN CONTINE
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PREFACE IT is hoped that the follow
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' TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . FACE
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Table of Contents xi DESCRIPTIVE OU
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Xlll continued. PAGE Lucca 452 Geno
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Philip IV. of
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List of Illustrations xvii' PAGE 33
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INTRODUCTION I THE unabated and gen
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Introduction 3 to the wants, feelin
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Introduction 5 more centralised con
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Introduction 7 ing ideas and possib
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Napoleon Introduction 9 healthy emu
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Introduction 1 1 A scrutiny of the
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Introdiiction \ 3 centralisation. A
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Introduction 1 5 France by the Arab
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Introduction 1 7 certain resemblanc
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Introduction 1 9 VII The Low Countr
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Introduction 2 I autonomous coins o
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Introduction 2 3 numismatic annals
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Introduction 2 5 of France from the
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Introduction 2 7 her frontier exten
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Introduction 29 concave fabric of t
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Introduction 3 1 number, as in Fran
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Introduction 33 began to appear on
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Introduction 35 and by co-operative
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the lowest depths ^ve cry unto Tkee
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Introduction 39 placed on the coina
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Introduction 4 1 indecision as to t
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Introduction 43 It was upon the las
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Introduction 45 The use of copper a
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Introduction 4 7 material for fabri
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Introduction 49 Immense quantities
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Introduction 5 1 a new type and of
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Introduction 53 regime purely from
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fniroduction 5 5 disregard of econo
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Introduction 5 7 repeated, Was boun
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Introduction 59 date or the value w
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Introduction 6 1 the Hand, just as
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Introduction 63 contenting himself
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Introduction 65 commercial detail ;
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THREE CATALOGUES: I. CATALOGUE OF E
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70 The Coins of Europe were issued
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72 ' The Coins of Europe and mezzo-
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74 The Coins of Europe le Gros, and
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76 The Coins of Europe and Dukes of
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78 The Coins of Europe Kalmiintz, K
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8o The Coins of Europe usually disp
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82 The Coins of Europe Vettore Emma
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84 The Coins of Europe Guben, Havel
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86 The Coins of Europe Brussels, an
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88 The Coins of Europe republic. Bu
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go The Coins of Europe common with
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92 The Coins of Europe during the r
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94 The Coins of Europe Corfu. A coi
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96 The Coins of Europe pacification
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98 The Coins of Europe tion-money b
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ioo The Coins of Europe Eichstadt,
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' iO2 The Coins of Europe We find i
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IO4 The Coins of Europe Fossombrone
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io6 The Coins of Europe Fumes, W. F
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io8 The Coins of Europe Gliickstadt
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1 1 o The Coins of Europe Gruitrode
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1 1 2 7Yie Coins of Europe Jacob, L
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1 1 4 The Coins of Europe the 1 7th
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1 1 6 The Coins of Eiirope place st
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1 1 8 The Coins of E^lrope Charles
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I2O The Coins of Europe Boufflers,
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122 The Coins of Europe Lucera, in
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124 The Coins of Europe etc., and a
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126 The Coins of Europe of 2, 4, 8,
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128 The Coins of Europe Meddersheim
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1 30 The Coins of E^lrope Messina,
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132 The Coins of Europe the lordshi
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134 The Coins of Europe the Kings o
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136 The Coins of Europe in 1155. Tw
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138 The Coins of Europe Neufchateai
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1 40 The Coins of Europe Oberwesel,
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142 The Coins of Europe curious cop
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144 The Coins of Europe hours durin
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146 The Coins of Europe and during
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148 The Coins of Europe We have bef
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150 The Coins of Europe Eiffel, Neu
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152 The Coins of Europe mark was, l
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154 The Coins of Europe other of 15
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156 The Coins of Europe Saint-Venan
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158 The Coins of Europe on obv., an
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160 The Coins of Europe money was p
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1 62 The Coins of Europe Smallenber
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164 The Coins of Europe among which
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1 66 The Coins of Europe Tagliacozz
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1 68 The Coins of Europe left, OLL
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1 70 The Coins of Europe bracteates
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172 The Coins of Europe Vannes, a m
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1 74 The Coins of Europe chiefly fo
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176 The Coins of Europe here or at
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178 The Coins of Europe Yennc, a mi
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II. CATALOGUE OF EUROPEAN DENOMINAT
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Catalogue of European Denominations
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1 Catalogue of European Denominatio
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Catalogue of Eiiropean Denomination
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. Catalogue of European Denominatio
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. Catalogue of Eiiropean Denominati
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' 'Catalogue of European Denominati
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.Catalogue of E^tropean Denominatio
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'Catalogite of European Denominatio
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. Catalogue of European Denominatio
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Catalogite of European Denomination
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Catalogiie of European Denomination
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246 The Coins of Europe 1460 John a
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248 The Coins of Europe 1409 Bernar
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250 The Coins of Europe Electors of
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252 The Coins of Europe Electors of
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254 The Coins of Europe 1 109 Wladi
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256 The Coins of Europe 1025 Miecis
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258 The Coins of Europe 1660 Charle
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260 The Coins of Europe Dukes of At
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262 The Coins of Europe Counts and
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264 The Coins of Europe Counts of W
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266 The Coins of Europe 1218 Arnoul
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268 The Coins of Europe Dukes of Fe
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270 The Coins of Europe 1466 Galeaz
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272 The Coins of Europe 1253 Pietro
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274 The Coins of Europe 1105 Roger
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276 The Coins of Europe Anglo-Galli
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2 7 8 The Coins of Eiiropc 1127 Gui
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280 The Coins of Europe Counts of B
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282 The Coins of Europe 1248 Alice
Page 308 and 309: 284 The Coins of Europe 1125 Roger
Page 310 and 311: 286 The Coins of Europe 1 60 1 -8 J
Page 312 and 313: 288 The Coins of Europe Dukes of No
Page 314 and 315: Seigneurs de Sully 1398 1446 George
Page 316 and 317: The Coins of Europe IX. SPAIN Kings
Page 319 and 320: I. GERMANY CONFORMABLY with the pri
Page 321 and 322: Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
Page 341 and 342: Brunswick-Luneburg : triple thaler,
Page 345 and 346: ' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
Page 351 and 352: PRUSSIAN COINS, HTH-i8TH c. Schilli
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Page 375 and 376: Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
Page 387 and 388: RUSSIAN COINS (CHIEFLY PATTERNS), 1
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Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
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Descriptive OiUline of the Coinages
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COINS OF THE SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS.
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Descriptive O^ttline of the Coinage
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Batavia : 48 stuiver, 1645. Arg. (c
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' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
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COINS OF THE NORTHERN NETHERLANDS.
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RULERS OF THE NETHERLANDS. Charles
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Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
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VENETIAN COINS. Matapan, i4th c. Go
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VENETIAN COINS. Silver ducat, later
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SAVOYARD COINS, 13111-17x11 c. Ludo
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COINS OF THE MEDICI FAMILY, 1533-17
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Maria Louisa, Duchess of Parma and
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Descriptive Ozitline of the Coinage
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SICILIAN COINS. Incuse silver denar
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COINS OF THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF
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FRANCE : COINS OF HENRY III. AND IV
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FRANCE: COINS OF LOUIS XIV. AND XV.
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FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY COINS, 1791-93
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Descriptive Oittline of the Coinage
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FRANCE : NAPOLEON I. AS FIRST CONSU
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Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
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Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
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FRENCH FEUDAL COINS. 1. Pavilion if
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SPANISH COINS, I3TH-I8TH c. LEON AN
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Descriptive O^ltl^ne of the Coinage
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533 The Coins of Europe Antwerp, 73
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540 The Coins of Europe King of Den
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542 The Coins of Europe Early coppe
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544 The Coins of Europe German occu
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546 The Coins of Europe Keller, Got
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548 The Coins of Eitrope Moors of G
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550 The Coins of Europe Plantagenet
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22 552 The Coins of Europe Seville,
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554 The Coins of Europe Venlo, 405
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" Mr. Hazlitt has done much work du
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30. Gleanings in Old Garden Literat
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W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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