W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

226 The Coins of Eiirope
Prcrvinois, the product of the mint at Provins, Champagne, which
attained a wide celebrity and acceptance down to the I3th c., although
it was not distinguished either by originality or by excellence. Under
Thibaut IV., Count of C., 1225, what were called the nouveaux proviruris
were issued, with the pcigne or degenerate head surmounted by three
towers, a recollection of the Touraine source of the Champagnois
money.
Publica
"^ tornesi, a small copper coin of the Two Sicilies, 1 1
7th- 8th c.
The name refers to the prevailing idea of the base metal being issued for
the general convenience.
*Pulslaty, Hungarian, silver, the half florin.
Pyramiden-thaler, a thaler in the Saxon series struck to commemorate
a death or other event in the royal family, with an inscription in the form
of a pyramid on the reverse.
Quarantano, or piece of 40 soldi, a silver denomination of the
dukedom of Parma under Ranuccio II., 1646-94. The rev. has
Monstra Tc Essc Matron, and the Virgin and Child supported by
two angels.
Quartarolo, and the double, a Venetian bronze or copper denomination
of the 1
3th and following c. It seems to have been first introduced
under the Doge Pietro Ziani (1205-28), and the double under Lorenzo
Tiepolo (1268-74). The quartarolo was also struck at Verona by the Duke
of Milan during his temporary occupation.
Quartinho. See Mocda.
Quartino, a silver denomination of the duchy of Parma and Piacenza,
and of other independent Italian States.
Quartino d'oro, the fourth of the sat do, struck under Pope Benedict
XIV., 1740-58, Anno I.
Quarto, a silver denomination of Reggio under the Este family. The
j scudo.
Quarto, a copper denomination of Spain. Compare Ctiarto. From
1 80 1 the British Government struck copper pieces under this name for
Gibraltar, and during part of the period, between 1808 and 1811, the
French introduced a coinage of A, I, 2, and 4 q., with and without date.
Some of these are extremely rare. In 1754, or earlier, the Spaniards had
a currency of quartos for Cataluna. We have seen the I, i$, 2, 3, and 6
q. of various dates down to 1841.
Quattrino, a billon, and afterward a copper coin of Venice, Rome,
Florence, Reggio, the Two Sicilies, etc. The quattrino of the popes was
often distinguished as quattrino Romano. There is a piece of 3 quattrini
of Cosmo III., Grand-Duke of Florence, 1681. The Venetian quattrino (in
copper) was not introduced till the reign of Fr. Foscari (1423-57). In
some political dissension at Florence in or about 1417, after the election
of Martin V. to the papal chair, a popular ballad contrasted his Holiness
not very favourably with his opponent Braccio di Mentone, Lord of
Perugia. In this fugitive composition there is a curious reference to the
quattrino : " Braccio il valente,
Che vince ogni gente
:
Papa Martino
Non vale un quattrino."
Quattrino Pantcrino, a Lucchese variety of this piece with the arms