W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Descriptive Outline of the Coinages of Europe 529
altered to Pecunia Totum Circumit Orbem, when the plan
was adopted under John V. of making the same currency
serve for America and Africa ;
and the copper series, chiefly
struck at Bahia, Rio, and Preto, included multiples of 5, 10,
20, and 40 reis, of which the last is
very uncommon. All
these coins are on the normally artificial standard, which
prevailed everywhere in the medium provided for foreign and
distant dependencies; and a 10 reis even of 1871 for India
Portugueza follows the same principle. A pattern 20 reis
of 1 8 1 i for Brazil, apparently unknown to Fernandes, but
similar to his 40, 20, and 10 of other dates, is a moiety of
the ordinary piece in weight and diameter. It remains to
notice the Macuta series, which comprised the macuta, the -^,
and thel or equipaga, and the multiples of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and
12 in silver. The dates range between 1762 and 1853 or
later. The unit was =50 reis of colonial standard. The
obverse has the titles and arms, the reverse the value and
legend, Africa Portugueza. The Pecunia Insulana of 1750
seems to have been intended for
the Azores and Madeira, if
not for St. Thomas's and Prince's Islands; but in 1842 a
copper currency (x. and xx. reis) was instituted for Madeira
alone {Pecunia Madeirensis] ;
there was a second coinage of
the 20 reis in 1847 ;
a 5 reis was added in 1850 ;
and in
1852 the 10 reis was reissued. It was little more than a
temporary experiment.
It has been observed that, after the dedication of special
money to the colonies, which followed at some distance the
suppression of the name of Guinea in the titles, Angola,
2 M