W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Descriptive Outline of the Coinages of E^l,rope 369
subject to the payment of a tribute to the Tartars of
Kaptchak, and the money of the colony bears on the reverse
the tamga or cypher of the khans, in the same manner as
that of the earlier Dukes of Muscovy and it is this token
;
of vassalage which was copied on the gros tournois of
Louis IX., and has the appearance there of a portal or
an exaggerated Gothic M. On a coin of the barony of
Karytaena, struck by Helena Angelos, Dowager-Duchess of
Athens, heiress to one of the moieties, we discern the
unusual words S'F, standing for semi-feudi. In 1205
Boniface of Monteferrato apportioned Eubcea among three
of his captains, of whom one, Geoffrey de Villehardouin,
published
a coin with the numerals III. on the reverse for
tertiarius. In 1346 Chio, taken from the Latins by a
Byzantine expedition, was recovered by one equipped by
Genoa at the charge of a local association or gild known
as the MaJione ; and the latter eventually became feoffees of
the Genoese, who surrendered the island, subject to an
annual tribute, in 1528. There is a series of coins emanating
from this union, with the common Conradus legend, and
of various types ;
and they seem to have outlived the
Turkish subjugation of Chio in 1566, just as those of the
Genoese colony at Pera did the fall of Constantinople into
the hands of Mahomet II., more than a century prior. As
far back as 1362 twelve members of the society had constituted
themselves into a syndicate to reconnoitre Chio and
Phocaea, doubtless for commercial purposes, and for judging
the capabilities for development.
VIII.
KINGDOM OF GREECE
The numismatic history of this region, including the
Ionian Isles, is
intimately associated with Great Britain.
The Islands themselves, after successive occupation by the
2 B