W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

396 The Coins of E^tr ope
thirteenth centuries, were to Artois and the rest of Flanders,
and to Hainault, what the municipal mailles were to so many
of the towns a common medium. The Hards of Philip II.
of Spain, 1582, as Count of Artois, are carefully executed
and of rare occurrence.
Counts of Boulogne
This domain was formed out of portions of the county
of Ponthieu in the ninth century as a marriage portion with
Bertha, daughter of Count Helgaud, to the son of the Count
of Flanders. The fief subsequently passed into the houses
of Dammartin and Auvergne, to the latter of which its
subsequent history
is referrible. Some account of the coinage
will have been found in the Catalogue of Mints. The
celebrated family of Dammartin is credited, in the person of
Renaud de Dammartin (1191-1227), with having improved
the types, and introduced his name upon it, partly in the
vernacular, thus : Reinnault Comes, From the repeated
alliances with France the counts naturally acquired the
habit of imitating the denier parisis. The title was borne
by Alfonso III., King of Portugal (1248-79), in right of
his wife, Mahaut de Dammartin, both after his accession to
the throne and after her death in 1258.
Counts of Saint-Pol
The Counts of Saint-Pol, of the house of Candavene,
possessed a coinage from the eleventh to the beginning of
the seventeenth century with an ear of barley in the type,
from a supposed reference to the name Campus Avena or
Candens Avena. There is a considerable lacuna in the series
between 1205 and 1292. In 1306, Gui IV. (1292-1317)
entered into a compact with Joannino Tadolin of Lucca,
" le vendredy devant la feste Saint-Vincent," to engrave
and coin deniers and mailles to pass current in his territories
with those of the Crown of France. These pieces retain the
symbolical type belonging to Candavene, and read Gvido Comes