W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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5 12 The Coins of Europe monuments other than regal which have descended to us in Spain are provincial, not seigniorial, and represent the partial survival of independent political life in half a dozen states where the Christian had necessarily supplanted the Mohammedan rule, and the latter had left no allodial traces of its existence. The only cases where monetary privileges were enjoyed by bodies or institutions other than the Crown were certain monasteries and churches at Segovia, Santiago, and a few other points which received the authority to strike coins in the twelfth century (i 109-57), and this limitation will be found to have extended to Portugal, both before and after its severance from Castile. Many of the Spanish coins even down to the present century display the peculiarity of having the place of origin, the moneyer, and the value on either side of the obverse or reverse, or as part of the legend. The mint is sometimes indicated by an initial and sometimes by a symbol. In a dinhero of Fernando III. of Castile and Leon, 1230-52, Burgos is understood by a B at the top of the castle in the upper left-hand canton of the reverse, and the m.m. is somewhat similarly denoted on a cornado of Sancho IV., i 294-95. Toledo is ascertained from the crowned initial on a piece of John II. (1406-54) dividing T and O, and on a real of Ferdinand and Isabella (1479-1504) by on either side J of the shield. There is a disposition to refer to the colonies all the coins with the Pillars of Hercules, and those with to the ^ mint of Mexico or of Zacatecas. But as far as the Pillars are concerned, they really seem to have no such bearing, and to point rather to the ancient tie between Spain and Africa and ; they occur on pieces which have no ostensible colonial character. Their presence in one of the cantons of the shield of a 20 reales of Joseph Napoleon, 1810, accompanied by two globes, merely illustrates the usual legend of Hispaniarum et Indiarum Rex, and on the other hand an 8 reales of Charles IV., 1794, with ME as a m.m. for Mexico, offers the more ordinary form of the type without the globes. It becomes tolerably clear that the
SPANISH COINS, I3TH-I8TH c. LEON AND CASTILE. Fernando III. 1230-52 Alfonso X.. 1292-94. ARRAGON. Henriquez II., 1368-79: grosso. UNITED SPAIN. Ferdinand and Isabella : gold escudo. Philip II.: gold escudo (as King of England) Half pistole of Philip V. as King of Spain and Sardinia, 1702. 2 L Real, coumermarked with G.R. for England.
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COINAGE EUROPEAN CONTINENT
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THE COINAGE OF THE EUROPEAN CONTINE
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PREFACE IT is hoped that the follow
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' TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . FACE
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Table of Contents xi DESCRIPTIVE OU
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Xlll continued. PAGE Lucca 452 Geno
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Philip IV. of
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List of Illustrations xvii' PAGE 33
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INTRODUCTION I THE unabated and gen
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Introduction 3 to the wants, feelin
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Introduction 5 more centralised con
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Introduction 7 ing ideas and possib
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Napoleon Introduction 9 healthy emu
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Introduction 1 1 A scrutiny of the
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Introdiiction \ 3 centralisation. A
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Introduction 1 5 France by the Arab
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Introduction 1 7 certain resemblanc
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Introduction 1 9 VII The Low Countr
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Introduction 2 I autonomous coins o
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Introduction 2 3 numismatic annals
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Introduction 2 5 of France from the
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Introduction 2 7 her frontier exten
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Introduction 29 concave fabric of t
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Introduction 3 1 number, as in Fran
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Introduction 33 began to appear on
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Introduction 35 and by co-operative
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the lowest depths ^ve cry unto Tkee
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Introduction 39 placed on the coina
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Introduction 4 1 indecision as to t
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Introduction 43 It was upon the las
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Introduction 45 The use of copper a
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Introduction 4 7 material for fabri
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Introduction 49 Immense quantities
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Introduction 5 1 a new type and of
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Introduction 53 regime purely from
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fniroduction 5 5 disregard of econo
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Introduction 5 7 repeated, Was boun
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Introduction 59 date or the value w
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Introduction 6 1 the Hand, just as
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Introduction 63 contenting himself
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Introduction 65 commercial detail ;
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THREE CATALOGUES: I. CATALOGUE OF E
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70 The Coins of Europe were issued
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72 ' The Coins of Europe and mezzo-
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74 The Coins of Europe le Gros, and
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76 The Coins of Europe and Dukes of
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78 The Coins of Europe Kalmiintz, K
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8o The Coins of Europe usually disp
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82 The Coins of Europe Vettore Emma
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84 The Coins of Europe Guben, Havel
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86 The Coins of Europe Brussels, an
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88 The Coins of Europe republic. Bu
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go The Coins of Europe common with
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92 The Coins of Europe during the r
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94 The Coins of Europe Corfu. A coi
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96 The Coins of Europe pacification
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98 The Coins of Europe tion-money b
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ioo The Coins of Europe Eichstadt,
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' iO2 The Coins of Europe We find i
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IO4 The Coins of Europe Fossombrone
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io6 The Coins of Europe Fumes, W. F
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io8 The Coins of Europe Gliickstadt
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1 1 o The Coins of Europe Gruitrode
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1 1 2 7Yie Coins of Europe Jacob, L
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1 1 4 The Coins of Europe the 1 7th
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1 1 6 The Coins of Eiirope place st
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1 1 8 The Coins of E^lrope Charles
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I2O The Coins of Europe Boufflers,
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122 The Coins of Europe Lucera, in
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124 The Coins of Europe etc., and a
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126 The Coins of Europe of 2, 4, 8,
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128 The Coins of Europe Meddersheim
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1 30 The Coins of E^lrope Messina,
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132 The Coins of Europe the lordshi
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134 The Coins of Europe the Kings o
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136 The Coins of Europe in 1155. Tw
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138 The Coins of Europe Neufchateai
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1 40 The Coins of Europe Oberwesel,
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142 The Coins of Europe curious cop
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144 The Coins of Europe hours durin
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146 The Coins of Europe and during
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148 The Coins of Europe We have bef
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150 The Coins of Europe Eiffel, Neu
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152 The Coins of Europe mark was, l
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154 The Coins of Europe other of 15
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156 The Coins of Europe Saint-Venan
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158 The Coins of Europe on obv., an
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160 The Coins of Europe money was p
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1 62 The Coins of Europe Smallenber
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164 The Coins of Europe among which
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1 66 The Coins of Europe Tagliacozz
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1 68 The Coins of Europe left, OLL
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1 70 The Coins of Europe bracteates
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172 The Coins of Europe Vannes, a m
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1 74 The Coins of Europe chiefly fo
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176 The Coins of Europe here or at
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178 The Coins of Europe Yennc, a mi
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II. CATALOGUE OF EUROPEAN DENOMINAT
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Catalogue of European Denominations
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1 Catalogue of European Denominatio
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Catalogue of Eiiropean Denomination
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. Catalogue of European Denominatio
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. Catalogue of Eiiropean Denominati
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' 'Catalogue of European Denominati
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.Catalogue of E^tropean Denominatio
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'Catalogite of European Denominatio
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. Catalogue of European Denominatio
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Catalogite of European Denomination
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Catalogiie of European Denomination
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246 The Coins of Europe 1460 John a
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248 The Coins of Europe 1409 Bernar
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250 The Coins of Europe Electors of
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252 The Coins of Europe Electors of
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254 The Coins of Europe 1 109 Wladi
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256 The Coins of Europe 1025 Miecis
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258 The Coins of Europe 1660 Charle
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260 The Coins of Europe Dukes of At
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262 The Coins of Europe Counts and
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264 The Coins of Europe Counts of W
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266 The Coins of Europe 1218 Arnoul
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268 The Coins of Europe Dukes of Fe
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270 The Coins of Europe 1466 Galeaz
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272 The Coins of Europe 1253 Pietro
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274 The Coins of Europe 1105 Roger
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276 The Coins of Europe Anglo-Galli
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2 7 8 The Coins of Eiiropc 1127 Gui
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280 The Coins of Europe Counts of B
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282 The Coins of Europe 1248 Alice
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284 The Coins of Europe 1125 Roger
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286 The Coins of Europe 1 60 1 -8 J
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288 The Coins of Europe Dukes of No
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Seigneurs de Sully 1398 1446 George
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The Coins of Europe IX. SPAIN Kings
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I. GERMANY CONFORMABLY with the pri
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Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
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Brunswick-Luneburg : triple thaler,
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' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
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PRUSSIAN COINS, HTH-i8TH c. Schilli
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COI'NS OF AUSTRIA AND THE TYROL, 14
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Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
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RUSSIAN COINS (CHIEFLY PATTERNS), 1
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Descriptive OiUline of the Coinages
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COINS OF THE SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS.
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Descriptive O^ttline of the Coinage
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Batavia : 48 stuiver, 1645. Arg. (c
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' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
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COINS OF THE NORTHERN NETHERLANDS.
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RULERS OF THE NETHERLANDS. Charles
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Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
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VENETIAN COINS. Matapan, i4th c. Go
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VENETIAN COINS. Silver ducat, later
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SAVOYARD COINS, 13111-17x11 c. Ludo
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COINS OF THE MEDICI FAMILY, 1533-17
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Maria Louisa, Duchess of Parma and
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Descriptive Ozitline of the Coinage
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SICILIAN COINS. Incuse silver denar
Page 485 and 486: Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
Page 487 and 488: COINS OF THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF
Page 497 and 498: FRANCE : COINS OF HENRY III. AND IV
Page 499 and 500: FRANCE: COINS OF LOUIS XIV. AND XV.
Page 501 and 502: FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY COINS, 1791-93
Page 503 and 504: Descriptive Oittline of the Coinage
Page 505 and 506: FRANCE : NAPOLEON I. AS FIRST CONSU
Page 515 and 516: Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
Page 521 and 522: Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
Page 525 and 526: FRENCH FEUDAL COINS. 1. Pavilion if
Page 535: Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
Page 547 and 548: Descriptive O^ltl^ne of the Coinage
Page 559: Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
Page 562 and 563: 533 The Coins of Europe Antwerp, 73
Page 564 and 565: 540 The Coins of Europe King of Den
Page 566 and 567: 542 The Coins of Europe Early coppe
Page 568 and 569: 544 The Coins of Europe German occu
Page 570 and 571: 546 The Coins of Europe Keller, Got
Page 572 and 573: 548 The Coins of Eitrope Moors of G
Page 574 and 575: 550 The Coins of Europe Plantagenet
Page 576 and 577: 22 552 The Coins of Europe Seville,
Page 578 and 579: 554 The Coins of Europe Venlo, 405
Page 580 and 581: " Mr. Hazlitt has done much work du
Page 582: 30. Gleanings in Old Garden Literat
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W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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