W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Catalogue of European Denominations 225
early iSth c. (1704-6). There are pieces of i, 10, and 20 p. Maria
Theresa also struck the unit.
Poluska, pi. poluski, and the half=| and j kopeck, small copper pieces
struck for Siberia under Peter the Great and Catherine II.
was originally a provincial currency.
Perhaps it
Popolino, a name borne by the silver florin of Florence, struck in 1307.
They resembled the gold in type.
Pore-epic, a type of the gold ecu coined under Louis XII. of France
(1497-1515), and reissued by a few of his successors. Louis introduced
into his Franco-Italian series &gros au p. struck at Milan, with St. Ambrose
on obv., and a porcupine under a crown on rev.
Portitgaloser, a gold denomination of Denmark, i6th = c. 10 crowns.
A^ portugaloser of Christian :
IV., 1592, brought 275 marks=^i3 155.
at the Reinmann sale in 1891-92. On the obv. the inner circle reads
Nach Portvgalischen. Schrot. V. Korn.
Portuguez, a gold Portuguese coin = 10 cruzados or 3900 reis, and
weighing generally about 712 gr. It was first introduced, after the
important discoveries and conquests of the Portuguese in America and
Asia, by Emmanuel (1495-1521) with a unique historical legend: Primus
Emanuel R. PortugallifB Alg. Citra Ultra in Africa Dominus Guinee In
Commercii Navigatione ^Ethiopia Arabice Persice India\e\. This
reading is derived from Fernandes, Memoria, 1856, p. 113. Mention elsewhere
(p. 123) occurs of pieces of 15 cruzados struck by Emmanuel at
the request of Pope Leo X. But these are not known to exist. The
Portuguez itself of the original type has the appearance of a coin not
intended for general circulation, and that of John III. offers a modified
legend. Both, but especially the first, are extremely rare.
Portuguez, a silver Portuguese coin of the early part of the i6th c.
(1504), with the half, respectively = 400 and 200 reis. Said to have been
struck from the dies of the p. di ouro. Fernandes (Memoria, 1856, p.
115) cites authorities to prove the production and existence of these
coins ;
but no examples seem to be at present known. Perhaps they
were never circulated.
Pougeoise, a variety of the \ obole current in the 1 3th- 1 4th
c. in
Poitou, Puy-de-D6me, and other parts of France, as well as in Savoy,
where it was also called %.pite. Some of the small coins of the Bishops of
Puy bear Poles. Puei. or Poles del Pueij and an obole, or the \, struck at
Acre, perhaps by a French crusader, has the reading Pvges. The name
was doubtless derived from Le Puy.
Pougeoise. See Pite.
Pouly, Russian copper money, from poul, leather, from which it was
doubtless an evolution.
Prdmie (prcemia, prizes), coins struck in Germany and Switzerland to
distribute at schools, usually \ thalers.
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