W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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472 The Coins of Europe XIII., 1640, by the side of the Briot patterns of 1618, we may satisfy ourselves that Official Ovvldom was as paramount in Paris as it has ever been in London. The uniform excellence of fabric of the French copper from Henry III. to Louis XV. (1575-1774) forms a consideration which has not perhaps been much studied, from the apparent indifference of those most concerned to so humble a topic. Yet it is on his deniers and doubles tournois that we meet with the best portraits of Henry IV., while the series of Louis XIII. (i 6 1 1-42), including the rare Navarre type of 1635, is most interesting from the graduated diversity of busts of the king. The execution of these coins reminds us very strongly of Briot and ; they differ in the most marked manner from the- other productions of the same epoch. They occasionally occur in piefort and in silver. One striking characteristic of the whole series from the outset is the presence of French instead of Latin legends an apparent concession to popular convenience. The reform in the coinage in 1640-1 comprehended the whole system and the process of fabrication. It was no new project. Henry II. had introduced the German system, superintended by Aubin Olivier, who was expressly commissioned to visit that country and obtain the necessary apparatus. But officialism succeeded in limiting the improvement to the production of medals, jetons, and pieces deplaisir, while the ordinary currency was once more left to the hammer. In 1618 Nicolas Briot submitted some patterns of a very superior character ; but vested interests again intervened, and they were pronounced too expensive. The actual new coinage consisted of the louis d'or and the demilouis, the ecu d'argent of 60 sols and its moiety and minor divisions down to a twelfth, and the double and denier tournois with head to left. Of the silver ecu there are patterns dated 1641 ; and pieces of 2, 4, 8, and 10 louis were struck in small numbers for presents or orders. The louis was the prototype of the English guinea. Notwithstanding the introduction of this improvement on the old principle and feeling, separate coinages for
FRANCE : COINS OF HENRY III. AND IV. AND LOUIS XIII. (1585-1635). Henry III.: franc d'argent, 1585, as King of France and Poland. Henry III.: denier tournois, 1578. Henry IV. double tournois, 1610. Louis XIII.: double tournois, 1611. Louis XIII.: pattern demi-franc d'argent by Briot, 1618. Piefort. Louis XIII.: denier tournois, 1635 (for Navarre).
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COINAGE EUROPEAN CONTINENT
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THE COINAGE OF THE EUROPEAN CONTINE
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PREFACE IT is hoped that the follow
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' TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . FACE
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Table of Contents xi DESCRIPTIVE OU
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Xlll continued. PAGE Lucca 452 Geno
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Philip IV. of
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List of Illustrations xvii' PAGE 33
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INTRODUCTION I THE unabated and gen
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Introduction 3 to the wants, feelin
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Introduction 5 more centralised con
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Introduction 7 ing ideas and possib
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Napoleon Introduction 9 healthy emu
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Introduction 1 1 A scrutiny of the
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Introdiiction \ 3 centralisation. A
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Introduction 1 5 France by the Arab
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Introduction 1 7 certain resemblanc
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Introduction 1 9 VII The Low Countr
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Introduction 2 I autonomous coins o
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Introduction 2 3 numismatic annals
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Introduction 2 5 of France from the
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Introduction 2 7 her frontier exten
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Introduction 29 concave fabric of t
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Introduction 3 1 number, as in Fran
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Introduction 33 began to appear on
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Introduction 35 and by co-operative
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the lowest depths ^ve cry unto Tkee
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Introduction 39 placed on the coina
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Introduction 4 1 indecision as to t
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Introduction 43 It was upon the las
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Introduction 45 The use of copper a
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Introduction 4 7 material for fabri
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Introduction 49 Immense quantities
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Introduction 5 1 a new type and of
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Introduction 53 regime purely from
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fniroduction 5 5 disregard of econo
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Introduction 5 7 repeated, Was boun
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Introduction 59 date or the value w
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Introduction 6 1 the Hand, just as
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Introduction 63 contenting himself
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Introduction 65 commercial detail ;
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THREE CATALOGUES: I. CATALOGUE OF E
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70 The Coins of Europe were issued
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72 ' The Coins of Europe and mezzo-
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74 The Coins of Europe le Gros, and
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76 The Coins of Europe and Dukes of
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78 The Coins of Europe Kalmiintz, K
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8o The Coins of Europe usually disp
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82 The Coins of Europe Vettore Emma
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84 The Coins of Europe Guben, Havel
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86 The Coins of Europe Brussels, an
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88 The Coins of Europe republic. Bu
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go The Coins of Europe common with
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92 The Coins of Europe during the r
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94 The Coins of Europe Corfu. A coi
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96 The Coins of Europe pacification
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98 The Coins of Europe tion-money b
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ioo The Coins of Europe Eichstadt,
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' iO2 The Coins of Europe We find i
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IO4 The Coins of Europe Fossombrone
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io6 The Coins of Europe Fumes, W. F
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io8 The Coins of Europe Gliickstadt
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1 1 o The Coins of Europe Gruitrode
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1 1 2 7Yie Coins of Europe Jacob, L
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1 1 4 The Coins of Europe the 1 7th
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1 1 6 The Coins of Eiirope place st
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1 1 8 The Coins of E^lrope Charles
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I2O The Coins of Europe Boufflers,
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122 The Coins of Europe Lucera, in
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124 The Coins of Europe etc., and a
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126 The Coins of Europe of 2, 4, 8,
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128 The Coins of Europe Meddersheim
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1 30 The Coins of E^lrope Messina,
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132 The Coins of Europe the lordshi
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134 The Coins of Europe the Kings o
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136 The Coins of Europe in 1155. Tw
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138 The Coins of Europe Neufchateai
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1 40 The Coins of Europe Oberwesel,
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142 The Coins of Europe curious cop
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144 The Coins of Europe hours durin
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146 The Coins of Europe and during
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148 The Coins of Europe We have bef
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150 The Coins of Europe Eiffel, Neu
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152 The Coins of Europe mark was, l
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154 The Coins of Europe other of 15
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156 The Coins of Europe Saint-Venan
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158 The Coins of Europe on obv., an
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160 The Coins of Europe money was p
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1 62 The Coins of Europe Smallenber
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164 The Coins of Europe among which
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1 66 The Coins of Europe Tagliacozz
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1 68 The Coins of Europe left, OLL
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1 70 The Coins of Europe bracteates
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172 The Coins of Europe Vannes, a m
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1 74 The Coins of Europe chiefly fo
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176 The Coins of Europe here or at
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178 The Coins of Europe Yennc, a mi
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II. CATALOGUE OF EUROPEAN DENOMINAT
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Catalogue of European Denominations
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1 Catalogue of European Denominatio
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Catalogue of Eiiropean Denomination
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. Catalogue of European Denominatio
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. Catalogue of Eiiropean Denominati
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' 'Catalogue of European Denominati
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.Catalogue of E^tropean Denominatio
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'Catalogite of European Denominatio
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. Catalogue of European Denominatio
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Catalogite of European Denomination
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Catalogiie of European Denomination
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246 The Coins of Europe 1460 John a
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248 The Coins of Europe 1409 Bernar
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250 The Coins of Europe Electors of
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252 The Coins of Europe Electors of
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254 The Coins of Europe 1 109 Wladi
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256 The Coins of Europe 1025 Miecis
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258 The Coins of Europe 1660 Charle
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260 The Coins of Europe Dukes of At
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262 The Coins of Europe Counts and
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264 The Coins of Europe Counts of W
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266 The Coins of Europe 1218 Arnoul
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268 The Coins of Europe Dukes of Fe
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270 The Coins of Europe 1466 Galeaz
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272 The Coins of Europe 1253 Pietro
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274 The Coins of Europe 1105 Roger
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276 The Coins of Europe Anglo-Galli
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2 7 8 The Coins of Eiiropc 1127 Gui
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280 The Coins of Europe Counts of B
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282 The Coins of Europe 1248 Alice
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284 The Coins of Europe 1125 Roger
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286 The Coins of Europe 1 60 1 -8 J
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288 The Coins of Europe Dukes of No
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Seigneurs de Sully 1398 1446 George
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The Coins of Europe IX. SPAIN Kings
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I. GERMANY CONFORMABLY with the pri
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Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
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Brunswick-Luneburg : triple thaler,
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' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
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PRUSSIAN COINS, HTH-i8TH c. Schilli
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COI'NS OF AUSTRIA AND THE TYROL, 14
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Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
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RUSSIAN COINS (CHIEFLY PATTERNS), 1
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Descriptive OiUline of the Coinages
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COINS OF THE SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS.
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Descriptive O^ttline of the Coinage
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Batavia : 48 stuiver, 1645. Arg. (c
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' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
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COINS OF THE NORTHERN NETHERLANDS.
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RULERS OF THE NETHERLANDS. Charles
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Page 445 and 446: Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
Page 451 and 452: Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
Page 453 and 454: VENETIAN COINS. Matapan, i4th c. Go
Page 455 and 456: VENETIAN COINS. Silver ducat, later
Page 459 and 460: SAVOYARD COINS, 13111-17x11 c. Ludo
Page 463 and 464: COINS OF THE MEDICI FAMILY, 1533-17
Page 475 and 476: Maria Louisa, Duchess of Parma and
Page 479 and 480: Descriptive Ozitline of the Coinage
Page 483 and 484: SICILIAN COINS. Incuse silver denar
Page 487 and 488: COINS OF THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF
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Page 499 and 500: FRANCE: COINS OF LOUIS XIV. AND XV.
Page 501 and 502: FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY COINS, 1791-93
Page 503 and 504: Descriptive Oittline of the Coinage
Page 505 and 506: FRANCE : NAPOLEON I. AS FIRST CONSU
Page 515 and 516: Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
Page 521 and 522: Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
Page 525 and 526: FRENCH FEUDAL COINS. 1. Pavilion if
Page 537 and 538: SPANISH COINS, I3TH-I8TH c. LEON AN
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Descriptive O^ltl^ne of the Coinage
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533 The Coins of Europe Antwerp, 73
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540 The Coins of Europe King of Den
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542 The Coins of Europe Early coppe
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544 The Coins of Europe German occu
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546 The Coins of Europe Keller, Got
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548 The Coins of Eitrope Moors of G
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550 The Coins of Europe Plantagenet
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22 552 The Coins of Europe Seville,
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554 The Coins of Europe Venlo, 405
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" Mr. Hazlitt has done much work du
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30. Gleanings in Old Garden Literat
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W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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