W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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. considerable 344 The Coins of Europe burg. It may not therefore be at all surprising that for a space of time the Austrians held 1 ransylvama or Steben- disputed possession of a territory occupied by mrgen. ea jous an(j turbulent feudatories and bordered j by such neighbours as the independent waiwodes or voivodes of Transylvania, who retained under their government a large portion of the kingdom, and might naturally be more acceptable to the Hungarians than the German conquerors. Consequently from the moment when the Magyars were first handed over to Ferdinand of Austria about 1526 to the beginning of the eighteenth century, the annals of the waiwodes run parallel with those of the German sovereigns ; and it may be received as evidence of the preponderant power of the former, that the coinage for Hungary within that epoch was that of the waiwodes rather than that of the emperors, and that currency in all metals, bearing their titles, was struck at the recognised native mints. We possess a singularly instructive and picturesque, and nearly unbroken, succession of money, chiefly following the familiar lines at first, and subsequently diverging into a more original style, as on the curious thalers of Sigismund Bathori about 1590, or borrowing from the Polish types, as on a copper solidus of 1591 and a silver 3-groschen piece of 1606. An invariable accessory to the portraits, so far as we have been able to examine them, is the aigret or heron's crest, which seems to occupy the place of a crown or fillet. The titles readable on the Transylvanian coins differ under various reigns, and seem to have been governed by current circumstances. Both on those of early date mentioned below and of the seventeenth century from about 1620 to 1660, the legends claim on behalf of the prince to be King-elect of parts of Hungary, Prince of Transylvania,
Descriptive Outline of the Coinages of Europe 345 Moldavia, and Wallachia, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, etc. A thaler of Gabriel Bethlen Gabor (1613- 1630), struck in 1621, declares him D G El Hvngarica Dal\inati
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COINAGE EUROPEAN CONTINENT
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THE COINAGE OF THE EUROPEAN CONTINE
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PREFACE IT is hoped that the follow
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' TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . FACE
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Table of Contents xi DESCRIPTIVE OU
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Xlll continued. PAGE Lucca 452 Geno
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Philip IV. of
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List of Illustrations xvii' PAGE 33
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INTRODUCTION I THE unabated and gen
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Introduction 3 to the wants, feelin
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Introduction 5 more centralised con
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Introduction 7 ing ideas and possib
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Napoleon Introduction 9 healthy emu
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Introduction 1 1 A scrutiny of the
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Introdiiction \ 3 centralisation. A
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Introduction 1 5 France by the Arab
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Introduction 1 7 certain resemblanc
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Introduction 1 9 VII The Low Countr
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Introduction 2 I autonomous coins o
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Introduction 2 3 numismatic annals
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Introduction 2 5 of France from the
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Introduction 2 7 her frontier exten
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Introduction 29 concave fabric of t
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Introduction 3 1 number, as in Fran
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Introduction 33 began to appear on
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Introduction 35 and by co-operative
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the lowest depths ^ve cry unto Tkee
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Introduction 39 placed on the coina
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Introduction 4 1 indecision as to t
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Introduction 43 It was upon the las
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Introduction 45 The use of copper a
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Introduction 4 7 material for fabri
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Introduction 49 Immense quantities
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Introduction 5 1 a new type and of
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Introduction 53 regime purely from
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fniroduction 5 5 disregard of econo
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Introduction 5 7 repeated, Was boun
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Introduction 59 date or the value w
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Introduction 6 1 the Hand, just as
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Introduction 63 contenting himself
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Introduction 65 commercial detail ;
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THREE CATALOGUES: I. CATALOGUE OF E
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70 The Coins of Europe were issued
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72 ' The Coins of Europe and mezzo-
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74 The Coins of Europe le Gros, and
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76 The Coins of Europe and Dukes of
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78 The Coins of Europe Kalmiintz, K
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8o The Coins of Europe usually disp
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82 The Coins of Europe Vettore Emma
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84 The Coins of Europe Guben, Havel
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86 The Coins of Europe Brussels, an
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88 The Coins of Europe republic. Bu
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go The Coins of Europe common with
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92 The Coins of Europe during the r
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94 The Coins of Europe Corfu. A coi
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96 The Coins of Europe pacification
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98 The Coins of Europe tion-money b
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ioo The Coins of Europe Eichstadt,
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' iO2 The Coins of Europe We find i
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IO4 The Coins of Europe Fossombrone
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io6 The Coins of Europe Fumes, W. F
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io8 The Coins of Europe Gliickstadt
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1 1 o The Coins of Europe Gruitrode
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1 1 2 7Yie Coins of Europe Jacob, L
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1 1 4 The Coins of Europe the 1 7th
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1 1 6 The Coins of Eiirope place st
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1 1 8 The Coins of E^lrope Charles
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I2O The Coins of Europe Boufflers,
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122 The Coins of Europe Lucera, in
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124 The Coins of Europe etc., and a
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126 The Coins of Europe of 2, 4, 8,
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128 The Coins of Europe Meddersheim
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1 30 The Coins of E^lrope Messina,
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132 The Coins of Europe the lordshi
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134 The Coins of Europe the Kings o
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136 The Coins of Europe in 1155. Tw
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138 The Coins of Europe Neufchateai
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1 40 The Coins of Europe Oberwesel,
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142 The Coins of Europe curious cop
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144 The Coins of Europe hours durin
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146 The Coins of Europe and during
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148 The Coins of Europe We have bef
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150 The Coins of Europe Eiffel, Neu
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152 The Coins of Europe mark was, l
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154 The Coins of Europe other of 15
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156 The Coins of Europe Saint-Venan
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158 The Coins of Europe on obv., an
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160 The Coins of Europe money was p
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1 62 The Coins of Europe Smallenber
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164 The Coins of Europe among which
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1 66 The Coins of Europe Tagliacozz
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1 68 The Coins of Europe left, OLL
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1 70 The Coins of Europe bracteates
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172 The Coins of Europe Vannes, a m
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1 74 The Coins of Europe chiefly fo
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176 The Coins of Europe here or at
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178 The Coins of Europe Yennc, a mi
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II. CATALOGUE OF EUROPEAN DENOMINAT
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Catalogue of European Denominations
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1 Catalogue of European Denominatio
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Catalogue of Eiiropean Denomination
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. Catalogue of European Denominatio
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. Catalogue of Eiiropean Denominati
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' 'Catalogue of European Denominati
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.Catalogue of E^tropean Denominatio
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'Catalogite of European Denominatio
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. Catalogue of European Denominatio
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Catalogite of European Denomination
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Catalogiie of European Denomination
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246 The Coins of Europe 1460 John a
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248 The Coins of Europe 1409 Bernar
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250 The Coins of Europe Electors of
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252 The Coins of Europe Electors of
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254 The Coins of Europe 1 109 Wladi
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256 The Coins of Europe 1025 Miecis
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258 The Coins of Europe 1660 Charle
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260 The Coins of Europe Dukes of At
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262 The Coins of Europe Counts and
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264 The Coins of Europe Counts of W
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266 The Coins of Europe 1218 Arnoul
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268 The Coins of Europe Dukes of Fe
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270 The Coins of Europe 1466 Galeaz
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272 The Coins of Europe 1253 Pietro
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274 The Coins of Europe 1105 Roger
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276 The Coins of Europe Anglo-Galli
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2 7 8 The Coins of Eiiropc 1127 Gui
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280 The Coins of Europe Counts of B
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282 The Coins of Europe 1248 Alice
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284 The Coins of Europe 1125 Roger
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286 The Coins of Europe 1 60 1 -8 J
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288 The Coins of Europe Dukes of No
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Seigneurs de Sully 1398 1446 George
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The Coins of Europe IX. SPAIN Kings
Page 319 and 320: I. GERMANY CONFORMABLY with the pri
Page 321 and 322: Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
Page 341 and 342: Brunswick-Luneburg : triple thaler,
Page 345 and 346: ' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
Page 351 and 352: PRUSSIAN COINS, HTH-i8TH c. Schilli
Page 359 and 360: COI'NS OF AUSTRIA AND THE TYROL, 14
Page 367: Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
Page 375 and 376: Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
Page 387 and 388: RUSSIAN COINS (CHIEFLY PATTERNS), 1
Page 411 and 412: Descriptive OiUline of the Coinages
Page 417 and 418: COINS OF THE SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS.
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Descriptive O^ttline of the Coinage
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Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
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Batavia : 48 stuiver, 1645. Arg. (c
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' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
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COINS OF THE NORTHERN NETHERLANDS.
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RULERS OF THE NETHERLANDS. Charles
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Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
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VENETIAN COINS. Matapan, i4th c. Go
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VENETIAN COINS. Silver ducat, later
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SAVOYARD COINS, 13111-17x11 c. Ludo
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COINS OF THE MEDICI FAMILY, 1533-17
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Maria Louisa, Duchess of Parma and
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Descriptive Ozitline of the Coinage
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SICILIAN COINS. Incuse silver denar
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COINS OF THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF
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FRANCE : COINS OF HENRY III. AND IV
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FRANCE: COINS OF LOUIS XIV. AND XV.
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FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY COINS, 1791-93
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Descriptive Oittline of the Coinage
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FRANCE : NAPOLEON I. AS FIRST CONSU
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Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
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Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
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FRENCH FEUDAL COINS. 1. Pavilion if
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SPANISH COINS, I3TH-I8TH c. LEON AN
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Descriptive O^ltl^ne of the Coinage
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533 The Coins of Europe Antwerp, 73
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540 The Coins of Europe King of Den
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542 The Coins of Europe Early coppe
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544 The Coins of Europe German occu
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546 The Coins of Europe Keller, Got
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548 The Coins of Eitrope Moors of G
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550 The Coins of Europe Plantagenet
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22 552 The Coins of Europe Seville,
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554 The Coins of Europe Venlo, 405
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" Mr. Hazlitt has done much work du
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30. Gleanings in Old Garden Literat
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W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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