comparative value priorities of chinese and new zealand

� Linear regression will be employed to test the significance of SVS value
dimensions as predictors of LBDQXII preferred leader behaviour dimensions.
SELECTION OF ANALYSIS TOOLS
Scales originally designed by Likert (1932), hence called “Likert scales”, are widely
used in social science research, especially in measuring attitudes, opinions, and beliefs
(Jacoby, 1971). Likert proposed an interval summated scale. Some argue that the scale
is ordinal in nature (Allen and Seaman, 2007; Hodge and Gillespie, 2003). Allen and
Seaman (2007) state that analysis of Likert scales should employ non-parametric
procedures; there is a multitude of articles disagreeing. Blaikie (2003) observes that it
has become common practice to use Likert-type categories as constituting interval-level
measurement. Rarely is it made clear by authors whether they are aware that some
would regard this as illegitimate; generally no statement is made about an assumption of
interval status for Likert data; usually no argument made in support.
Fier-Walsh and Toothaker (1974) demonstrate that when normality and/or homogeneity
of variance are doubtful, as in this study, the parametric ANOVA F-test is the
recommended procedure for testing hypotheses about means. Boos, and Brownie (1995)
demonstrate that the ANOVA F-test is also the recommended procedure when
assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance are violated and the number of
treatments or variables is large, such as the ten and twelve dimensions in this study.
Review of research literature using Likert-type scales indicated that the consensus of
researchers has been to use parametric statistical analyses. While a psychometric theory
purist can question whether this approach violates assumptions of procedures,
parametric tests will be employed to conform to past publication of results.
Analysis of Variance and Covariance
Analysis of variance and covariance test for differences between the means samples to
examine the probability that they are drawn from the same population. The hypotheses
for the comparison of my two independent groups are:
Ho: The samples come from populations with identical means
Ha: They samples come from different populations with different means
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