comparative value priorities of chinese and new zealand

Persuasiveness, Role assumption, Predictive accuracy, Integration
will have relationships with the GLOBE project results in New
Zealand and China indicating they can be combined for a Charismatic
Behaviour dimension.
In their meta-analysis Judge and Piccolo (2004) found that transformational and
transactional leadership are so highly inter-related that it is difficult or impossible to
separate any unique effects, or even a unique definition. Ehrlich et al. (1990) conclude,
“It may be that transactional and transformational processes are more interrelated than
has been thought when it comes to the behavioural expressions of leaders, as registered
in the observations and ratings of followers.” Reflecting upon Kotter’s (1990)
definitions as to the difference between management (transactional) and leadership
(transformational), we see even as thorough a project as GLOBE including a managerial
skill, Administrative Competence, as a critical leadership trait.
Theories of Leadership and Personality
Judge, Piccolo, and Ilies (2004) discuss what causes a leader to display considerate and
structuring behaviours in terms of personality traits; Agreeable individuals are more
considerate, whereas Conscientious (and perhaps less Open) individuals are more
structuring.
Fleishman (1957) found that leaders who had high scores on Consideration also had
high scores on Benevolence, a trait that seems closely aligned to Agreeableness.
Similarly, Bass (1990: 522) reported the results of a study showing that charm was
related to Consideration. Motivation to be charming can be associated with
Extraversion, along with related traits such as witty, flamboyant, and vivacious
(Goldberg, 1990). Bass also reported that Ascendancy, a trait associated with
Conscientiousness, is related to Initiating Structure (Bass, 1990: 523). Though these
studies predate the popularity of the five-factor personality trait model; they suggest that
future research linking the Big Five to Consideration and Structure would be
worthwhile.
Comparing to the Psychoanalysis School, Halpin (1954), during the LBDQXII
development process, found four factors he designated as Consideration, Initiating-
Structure-in-Interaction, Production Emphasis, and Social Awareness. The first two
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