comparative value priorities of chinese and new zealand

elationships in the work-group, in Guangzhou to support accomplishing the workgroup’s
tasks.
For the New Zealand sample:
� Benevolence is a significant predictor for all leader behaviour dimensions.
Benevolence relates to preserving and enhancing the welfare of subordinates,
further supporting a preference for relationship orientation by NZ subordinates.
� Self-Direction is a significant predictor for all leader behaviour dimensions. For
Schwartz’ theory, Self-Direction Relates to independent thought and action;
choosing, creating, exploring, indicating a preference for an independent,
individualistic leader.
� Security is a significant predictor for all dimensions, indicating the managerial
leader as an expected to be a source of a safe, predictable environment.
� Tradition is a significant negative Beta weight predictor for all dimensions
except Tolerance of Uncertainty and Production Emphasis. For Schwartz,
Tradition entails subordination to abstract religious and cultural customs and
ideas. This implies that New Zealanders see Tolerance of Uncertainty, the
acceptance of relative chaos and uncertainty in the business system as counter to
Tradition. Another implication is that leaders who press subordinates to work
hard and excel are counter to Tradition.
� Universalism is a significant negative Beta weight predictor for Demand
Reconciliation, Persuasiveness, Initiation of Structure, Tolerance of Freedom,
Role Assumption, Production Emphasis, and Superior Orientation. The
implications are that New Zealanders expect a leader to focus on the welfare of
the in-group, rather than the welfare of all people.
For the Guangzhou sample,
� Hedonism is a significant predictor for Tolerance of Uncertainty, Tolerance of
Freedom, Role Assumption, Consideration, and Superior Orientation. This
implies that working for an empowering, tolerant, considerate leader might be
more fun than for other types. The significant relationships with Tolerance of
Uncertainty might indicate that risk-taking is fun amongst businesspeople in
Guangzhou.
291