100-Metodos-de-Qualidade-Total

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ANALYTICAL METHODS 121 Cl was (12 + 15 + 20 + 26)/4 = 73/4 = 18.25% C2 was (13 + 9 + 8 + 22)/4 = 52/4 = 13.00% 01 was (12 + 13 + 8 + 20)/4 = 53/4 = 13.25% 02 was (15 + 9 + 22 + 26)/4 = 72/4 = 18.00% Machine speed was seen to be the major factor and the optimum operating condition was forecast to be Al B1 C2 01 Which was later confirmed by experiment. Reference P.I. Ross (1988) Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering. New York: McGraw-HilI.
122 100 METHODS FOR TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Method 50 Tolerance design Purpose To find out by experiment where the variability in a process (product) occurs and where adjustments can be made. When to use When the influences of inner and outer sources of 'noise' cannot be successfully reduced by use of parameter design (Method 42). Here 'noise' represents the effects of uncontrollable factors. How to use It requires the same steps as parameter design, but additional factors are considered that were previously excluded because of cost or the difficulty of experimentation. If this also fails, the tolerance of the product's components are considered. This means retaining the optimum nominal levels of actors, but reducing the tolerance of certain crucial factors in an optimal and costeffective way so that overall variability in the response is reduced to acceptable levels. Benefits It assists in the study of factors which are expensive and difficult to change in experiments for the improvement of a process. Example If we run a second outer array centered on the optimum parameter conditions, this time the noise factors are noise in the parts themselves. If factor A is a resistor at a nominal level of 100 ohms, it becomes, in the noise array, a factor with levels of, say, 100 ± 2. When the array has been run, we find how much variability is associated with each factor and, hence, where we have to make further improvements. Reference P.W.M. John (\990) Statistical Methods in Engineering and Quality Assurance. New York: Wiley.
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100 METHODS FOR TOTAL QUALITY MANAG
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PREFACE An essential part of the de
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THE ROLE OF TQM METHODS Total quali
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LIST OF METHODS (BY CATEGORY) Manag
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MANAGEMENT METHODS Method 1 Accepta
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REFERENCES Akao, Y. (1991) Hoshin K
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INDEX acceptable quality level (AQL
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