100-Metodos-de-Qualidade-Total

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DATA COLLECTION, ANALYSIS AND DISPLAY 155 1200 1100 - 1000 - 900 - 800 - 700 01 ,§ 600 0 z 500 400 300 200 100 0 A B c o E F -- - Failure code Figure 1 Bar chart of printed circuit board Reference H. Kume (1985) Statistical Methods for Quality Improvement. Tokyo: AOTS.
156 100 METHODS FOR TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Method 69 Basic statistics Purpose The mean, median, mode, range and standard deviation are ways of summarizing and describing large volumes of data. The first three are measures of location; the last two are measures of spread. When to use When looking for patterns in data or when trying to compare large volumes of data, these parameters give statistically based measures that aid decision-taking. How to use The mean The mean is the simple arithmetic average of all the data points. To calculate the mean, add together all the points and divide by the number of points in the sum. The mean is usually written X (pronounced X bar). The formula is X = I(xI + X2 + X3 + ....... Xn) n where there are n points called XI to Xn. As an example, the following list gives the voltage derived from a circuit having variability due to poor tolerance control: There are 37 points in total. 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3
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100 METHODS FOR TOTAL QUALITY MANAG
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PREFACE An essential part of the de
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2 100 METHODS FOR TOTAL QUALITY MAN
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THE ROLE OF TQM METHODS Total quali
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LIST OF METHODS (BY CATEGORY) Manag
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12 100 METHODS FOR TOTAL QUALITY MA
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MANAGEMENT METHODS Method 1 Accepta
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100 100 METHODS FOR TOTAL QUALITY M
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REFERENCES Akao, Y. (1991) Hoshin K
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INDEX acceptable quality level (AQL
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100-Metodos-de-Qualidade-Total

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