Enayam Port

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Tamil Research Institute RAPID TECHNO-ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COLACHEL PORT AT TAMILNADU FINAL REPORT Figure 32. Wadge Bank. Source: Sivalingam 1957 3.3.4.3. Estuarine Ecosystems As is mentioned in other chapter, another major feature of the coastal zones is the presence of a large number of backwaters and canals. These are estuaries and lagoons which are mostly interconnected by natural or man-made canals. There are three important riverine ecosystems, which confluence with Arabian Sea in Kanniyakumari Thengapattinam estuary, formed by the confluence of river Tampirabarani in between Thengapattinam and Eraiummanthurai. Valliyar estuary formed by the river Valloiyar near Kadiapattinam. Manakudy estuary formed by the confluence of river Pazhayar in between East and West Manakudy villages. Apart from these are two minor estuaries also: they are Pambar estuary near Colachel and Pantri estuary near Rajakkamangalam. These are formed by the drainage canal excess waste during monsoon and the water drained from the irrigational fields mixing with sea. 3.3.5. Marine biocenosis The following information was obtained from: Trophic Model of the Coastal Fisheries Ecosystem of the Southwest Coast of India. E. Vivekanandan, M. Srinath, V.N. Pillai, S. Immanuel and K.N. Kurup. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI). 2003. • Primary Production CP1832-FR-AX-05-CP-Initial Environmental Examination-Ed4.docx AX05 - 51 www.tamilri.com
Tamil Research Institute RAPID TECHNO-ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COLACHEL PORT AT TAMILNADU FINAL REPORT Phytoplankton primary production has been estimated along the southwest coast by several researchers. The average production in the neritic waters is estimated to be 0.5 g C·m-2·day-1 (Pant 1992). A conversion factor of 0.06 g C = 1 g wet weight (Walsh 1981) was employed for transformation. Average total primary production for the ecosystem was estimated as 3042 t·km2·year-1. Large Predators The large predators include sharks, seerfishes, tuna and billfishes. The dominant species of shark along the SW coast are the large-sized Carcharhinus spp. and Rhizoprionodon acutus and the smaller Scoliodon laticaudus. • Medium Predators The medium predators include the lizardfish Saurida tumbil, major perches such as snappers (Lutjanus spp.), pigface breams (Lethrinus spp.), ribbon fishes (Trichiurus spp., Lepturacanthus savala), barracudas (Sphyraena spp.) and cephalopods (Sepia pharaonis, Sepia elliptica, Sepiella inermis, etc. Large Zoobenthic Feeders The large zoobenthic feeders include skates, rays, eels, groupers (Epinephelus spp.) and Indian halibut (Psettodes erumei). Though this group is a major predator on demersal feeders such as threadfin breams and croakers, available information suggests that plankton feeders such as the Indian mackerel, which descend to the bottom and contribute to the trawl catches, constitute the major part of the diet. • Demersal Feeders The demersal fish groups such as the threadfin breams, croakers, silverbellies and pomfrets constitute this group. The demersal feeders consume large quantities of plankton feeders (0.75), mesopelagic feeders (0.15) and detritivores (0.05). • Mesopelagic Feeders:ñ This ecological group includes the carangids such as Caranx spp., Alepes spp., Selar spp., Chorinemus, the horse mackerel Megalaspis cordyla, the wolf herring Chirocentrus spp, half beaks and full beaks. They feed mainly on the plankton feeders (0.80), zooplankton (0.14) and detritivores (0.05) • Molluscan Feeders The crabs <strong>Port</strong>unus spp. and Charybdis spp. and the spiny lobsters Panulirus spp. feed primarily (0.75) on bivalves such as the mussels and clams • Plankton Feeders The plankton feeders are mostly small pelagics such as the clupeids Sardinella spp., Stolephorus spp. and Thryssa spp.; the scads Decapterus spp. and the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta contribute the maximum biomass to the southwest ecosystem. The information on the diet composition of the small pelagics has been reviewed by (Devaraj et al. 1997). The lesser sardines Sardinella fimbriata and Stolephorus devisi feed primarily on phyto-plankton whereas S. gibbosa and S. bataviensis (S. waitei in FishBase 2000) feed mainly on zooplankton. Ontogenetic changes in the feeding habits are also observed in several species. The oil sardine S. longiceps, for instance, feeds on diatoms and microalgae when it is a postlarva, on zooplankton when it is a juvenile, and once again on diatoms after becoming adult. The mackerel R. kanagurta feeds on zooplankton when it is a juvenile, and on phytoplankton after becoming adult. Thus it is difficult to categorize such species as exclusive phytoplankton feeders or zooplankton feeders. Nevertheless, it is considered that phytoplankton and zooplankton constitute a major share (0.94) in the diet of this ecological group, and the juveniles of the plankton feeders themselves contribute the rest. • Detritivores The penaeid and non-penaeid prawns and the mullids are categorized as the detritus feeders. The detritivores feed almost exclusively on detritus (1.0). They are preyed upon by several ecological groups. Moreover, the penaeid prawns are a target group for the commercial fisheries. CP1832-FR-AX-05-CP-Initial Environmental Examination-Ed4.docx AX05 - 52 www.tamilri.com
Page 1 and 2:
Tamil Research Institute Colachel V
Page 3 and 4:
Tamil Research Institute RAPID TECH
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Tamil Research Institute 1 RAPID TE
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Indonesia India Thailand Mexico Chi
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY15 FY18 FY19
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 126:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 179:
Page 183:
Page 187:
Page 191:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Ownership Operations Risks Tamil Re
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218:
Page 221:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230:
Tamil Research Institute www.tamilr
Page 234:
Page 238:
Page 242:
Page 246:
Page 250:
Page 254:
Page 258:
Page 262:
Page 266:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351: Tamil Research Institute RAPID TECH
Page 440: Tamil Research Institute RAPID TECH
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
Page 475 and 476:
Page 477 and 478:
Page 479 and 480:
Page 481 and 482:
Page 483 and 484:
Page 485 and 486:
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
Page 497:
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514:
Page 518:
Page 522:
Page 526:
Page 530 and 531:
Page 533:
Page 537 and 538:
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547:
show all

Enayam Port

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?