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Elekes, Z. Vizsgalat a magyarorszagi drogfogyasztok nehany csoportja koreben (A survey <strong>of</strong> some groups <strong>of</strong> drug consumers in Hungary). Alcohol 1-2:1-55, 1991. Farkas, G. Epidemiai adatok a kabito hatasu anyagok hasznalatarol (Data on the epidemic <strong>of</strong> mood altering substance use). Alcohol 2:93-100, 1981. Farkasinszky, T. Narkomania a Gyermek es Fiatalkorban (Addictions in Childhood and Adolescence). Szeged: Csongrad M.T. Alkoholizmus Elleni Bizottsaga, 1987. Farkasinszky, T.; Bacskai, J.; and Bacskai, M. Ragasztoszerszippanto fiatalok (Glue sniffing children). Alcohol 7(2):79-83, 1976. Forgacs, I., and Katona, E. Mental health in Hungary. Int J Ment Health 18(3):55-70, 1990. Gryneusz, E., and Pressing, L. Intezetbol es otthonrol szokott fiatalkoruak psychologiai vizsgalata (The psychological assessment <strong>of</strong> juvenile runaways). Magy Psychol Szemle 43(3):229-244, 1986. Interministerial Drug Committee. Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Situation and Demand Reduction Politics in Hungary. Budapest: Interministerial Drug Committee, 1992. Kisszekelyi, O. Egy antiparkinsonos szer, a Parkan, mint hallucinogen (Anti-Parkinsonian medicine /PARKAN/ as hallucinogen substance). Orv Hetil 114(15):855-859, 1973. Kisszekelyi, 0. Szervesoldoszer abuzus (Addiction to inhalants). Orv Hetil 120(30): 1843-l 844, 1980. Lakne, G.E. Ragasztoszerszippanto fiatalok psychologiai vizsgalata (Psychological examination <strong>of</strong> glue sniffing pupils). Alcohol 7(1):9-11, 1976. Levai, M. “A kabitoszerproblema es buntetojogi kontrollja Magyarorszagon” (Drug problem and its legal control in Hungary). Paper presented at the First East-West Conference on Drug Addiction, Paris, January 1991. Nemeth, J.; Swaim, R.C.; Katona, E.; and Oetting, E.R. “Substance Use among Hungarian students.” In press. Oetting, E.R., and Beauvais, F. Peer cluster theory: Drugs and the adolescent. J Couns Dev 65:17-22, 1986. Oetting, E.R., and Beauvais, F. Common elements in youth drug abuse: Peer clusters and other psychosocial factors. J Drug Issues 17:133-151, 1987 a. Oetting, E.R., and Beauvais, F. Peer cluster theory, socialization characteristics and adolescent drug use: A path analysis. J Couns Psychol 34(2):205-213, 1987 b. 119
Oetting, E.R.; Beauvais, F.; and Edwards, R. American Drug and Alcohol Survey. Fort Collins, CO: Rocky Mountain Behavioral Science <strong>Institute</strong>, Inc., 1986. Oetting, E.R., and Webb, J. Psychosocial characteristics and their links with inhalants: A research agenda. In: Sharp, W., ed. <strong>Inhalant</strong> <strong>Abuse</strong>: A Volatile Research Agenda. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Research Monograph 129. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM)93-3475. Washington, DC: Supt. <strong>of</strong> Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1992. pp. 59-97. Racz, J. Sajatos szubkulturalis milioben jelentkezo drogfogyasztas peldaja: Egy aluljaros csoportosulas narkozasi szokasai (An example <strong>of</strong> drug use pattern <strong>of</strong> a particular subcultural milieu: In an underground group). Alcohol 2:8-20, 1985. Racz, J. Drug use by the members <strong>of</strong> youth subcultures in Hungary. Int J Addict 27(3):289-300, 1992. AUTHOR Eva Katona, M.D. Director Crisis and Drug Outpatient Clinic County Hospital Gyor 9002 PF. 92, Hungary 120
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National I
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT This monograph is ba
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Treatment Strategies for Volatile S
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extent of inhalant
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agencies. Dr. Carlini-Cotrim conclu
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prevalence, after alcohol and tobac
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Inhalant Use in th
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FIGURE 1. Lifetime prevalence for 1
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Reliability of the
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use beginning in 1987 when the surv
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TABLE 2. Current use of</st
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TABLE 3. Use of in
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TABLE 4. Inhalant
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TABLE 5. Lifetime prevalence and cu
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TABLE 7. Inhalant
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CONCLUSION Unlike other drugs in th
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AUTHORS Ruth W. Edwards, Ph.D. Rese
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Epidemiologic data were obtained fo
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perception of the
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Malaysia In Malaysia, the abuse <st
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The primary method of</stro
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them at least two to three times pe
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Curiosity is the most popular motiv
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Inhaling from a plastic bag: The vo
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(between US $0.04 and US $0.80) a d
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truant, who have money, and who are
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Edmondson, K. Review of</st
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Inhalant A
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Children working in the streets 280
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(1986), collected data on the preva
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Anecdotal information suggests that
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FIGURE 3. Psychological process mod
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ehavior. A secondary aim has been u
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REFERENCES ABC Communication. Consu
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Inhalant Use Among
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TABLE 1. Lifetime prevalence <stron
Page 73 and 74: TABLE 3. Lifetime prevalence <stron
Page 75 and 76: TABLE 4. Solvent use found for 1,83
Page 77 and 78: however, rarely is taken into consi
Page 79 and 80: TABLE 7. Weekly use (at least once
Page 81 and 82: TABLE 9. Use of dr
Page 83 and 84: Oetting, E.R.; Edwards, R.W.; and B
Page 85 and 86: RESULTS Prevalence Rates The findin
Page 87 and 88: TABLE 2. Use of in
Page 89 and 90: Incidence Rates Data from the surve
Page 91 and 92: TABLE 7. Use of in
Page 93 and 94: FIGURE 2(a). Proportion and number
Page 95 and 96: TABLE 8. Regression analysis: Use <
Page 97 and 98: TABLE 10(a). Mean age at first inha
Page 99 and 100: TABLE 13. Percentage of</st
Page 101 and 102: FIGURE 3. Opinion on health consequ
Page 103 and 104: The conduct of con
Page 105 and 106: Inhalant A
Page 107 and 108: The lack of epidem
Page 109 and 110: FIGURE 1. Substance abusers treated
Page 111 and 112: FIGURE 2. Drug used at initiation <
Page 113 and 114: The registered inhalant abusers ran
Page 115 and 116: medication, and jumping from a tall
Page 117 and 118: (with the main psychoactive compone
Page 119 and 120: In 1990, a World Health Organizatio
Page 121 and 122: FIGURE 7. Number of</strong
Page 123: of an epidemic, wh
Page 127 and 128: FIGURE 1. Arrests for drug statute
Page 129 and 130: had inhaled the vapor from lacquer
Page 131 and 132: FIGURE 4. Numbers of</stron
Page 133 and 134: TABLE 3. Age appeared to consultati
Page 135 and 136: TABLE 5. Present occupational situa
Page 137 and 138: FIGURE 5. SOURCE: Longitudnal patte
Page 139 and 140: FIGURE 7. Longitudinal pattern <str
Page 141 and 142: Epidemiology <stro
Page 143 and 144: TABLE 1. National
Page 145 and 146: (Hughes et al. 1980). The system ha
Page 151 and 152: FIGURE 1. National
Page 153 and 154: FIGURE 3. Drug Registry System (SRI
Page 169 and 170: The longest running institution, th
Page 171 and 172: Several programs have been develope
Page 173 and 174: Thus, substance abuse research has
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3. Alcohol and tobacco were not con
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Leal, H., and Pacheco, G. Estrategi
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Division of <stron
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mind the fact that a sizeable numbe
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Adults and Older Students I
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Method Participants. Participants w
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TABLE 6. Types of
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TABLE 9. Sources of</strong
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THE NEED FOR MORE RESEARCH ON INHAL
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funding. However, by encouraging th
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AUTHOR Isidore Silas Obot, Ph.D., M
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abuse and their biomedical, social,
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nitrites—is virtually unknown in
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TABLE 3. Frequency of</stro
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TABLE 5. Lifetime prevalence and cu
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working with children living in the
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of the youthful po
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Lucchini, R. “Niños Callejeros y
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least as far back as 1983. However,
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TABLE 1. Phase-out schedule for ozo
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inquisitorial, unlike the procedure
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UNITED KINGDOM VSA-RELATED MORTALIT
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FIGURE 5. United Kingdom VSA-relate
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TABLE 2. United Kingdom VSA-related
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TABLE 4. United Kingdom VSA-related
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NATIONAL VSA STATISTICS The only <s
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TABLE 6. National
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TABLE 7. Local surveys giving infor
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TABLE 7. Local surveys giving infor
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presented as a confidential “Scho
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TABLE 8. Surveys of</strong
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Children’s Act 1989: Section 17 r
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problem would go away like other te
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Children ages 14-16 “should have
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contributions from many small group
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Chadwick, O.; Anderson, R.; Bland,
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Market and Opinion Research Interna
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Streete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey,
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Treatment Strategies for Volatile S
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that they chose solvents not only b
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Medical management and detoxificati
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challenges to a healthy readjustmen
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REFERENCES Beauvais, F. Social and
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Gathering Epidemiologic Information
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DIRECT POPULATION SURVEYS Cross-sec
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The findings in the two surveys wer
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TABLE 1. Recent use a of</s
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are due to the fact that inhalants
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number usually is advertised in tel
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REFERENCES Beauvais, F. Volatile so
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Inhalants: A Polic
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predominated, but it seems clear th
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classes containing these substances
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justify their positions more on pri
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eformulation of pr
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with abuse potential, and additiona
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TABLE 2. Type of l
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TABLE 3. Type of d
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TABLE 4. Type of b
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TABLE 5. Specified products regulat
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TABLE 6. Prevention curricula and i
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appear to enter treatment that prog
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Policy Alternative 1: Change Produc
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outcome evaluations. Ideally, such
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Mata, A.G., Jr., and Andrew, S.R. <
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Recommendations and Conclusions Zil
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AUTHORS Zili Sloboda, Sc.D. Nichola
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26 42 50 52 53 54 56 61 62 THE BEHA
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80 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 92 NEEDLE S
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102 106 107 108 109 111 112 113 ANA
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124 NEUROBIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO B
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138 139 140 141 142 143 IMAGING TEC
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NIH Publication No 95-3831 Printed
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