Epidemiology of Inhalant Abuse - Archives - National Institute on ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Pritchard, C., and Cox, M. Drug and solvent misuse and knowledge <strong>of</strong> HIV infections in 14-16-year-old comprehensive school students. Public Health 104:425-435, 1990. Quaestor. Drugs in West Yorkshire, Research Report. Harrogate, England: Yorkshire Regional Health Authority, 1992. Raferty, P. Voluntary chlorine inhalation: A new form <strong>of</strong> self-abuse? BMJ 281:1178-1179, 1980. Ramsey, J.D. Detection <strong>of</strong> solvent abuse by direct mass spectromety on expired air. In: Reid, E., and Wilson, I.D., eds. Drug Determination in Therapeutic and Forensic Contexts. London: Plenum Publishing Company, 1984. pp. 357-362. Ramsey, J.D., and Flanagan, R.J. The role <strong>of</strong> the laboratory in the investigation <strong>of</strong> solvent abuse. Hum Toxicol 1:299-311, 1982. RBL. Anti-Misuse <strong>of</strong> Drugs Campaign Evaluation: Report <strong>of</strong> Findings <strong>of</strong> Stages I-IV RS2452. London: RBL, 1989. Research International. Parents Attitudes to Drugs and Sniffing: Report <strong>of</strong> Findings. London: Research International/Department <strong>of</strong> Health/Central Office <strong>of</strong> Information, 1992. Rosenberg, N.L., and Sharp, C.W. Solvent toxicity: A neurological focus. In: Sharp, C.W.; Beauvais, F.; and Spence, R., eds. <strong>Inhalant</strong> <strong>Abuse</strong>: A Volatile Research Agenda. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Research Monograph 129. NIH Pub. No. 93-3480. Washington, DC: Supt. <strong>of</strong> Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1992. Scerri, G.V.; Regan, P.J.; Ratcliffe, R.J., and Roberts, A.H. Bums following cigarette lighter fluid abuse. Burns 18:329-331, 1992. Sharp, C.W. Introduction to inhalant abuse. In: Sharp, C.W.; Beauvais, F.; and Spence, R., eds. <strong>Inhalant</strong> <strong>Abuse</strong>: A Volatile Agenda. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Research Monograph 129. NIH Pub. No. 93- 3480. Washington, DC: Supt. <strong>of</strong> Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1992. Shepherd, R.T. Mechanism <strong>of</strong> sudden death associated with volatile substance abuse. Hum Toxicol 8:287-291, 1989. Shetland Health Board. Alcohol Survey. Shetland: Shetland Health Board, 1992. Smart, R.G. <strong>Inhalant</strong> use and abuse in Canada. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Research Monograph 85. Washington, DC: Supt. <strong>of</strong> Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1988. pp. 121-139. Sourindhrin, I., and Baird, J.A. Management <strong>of</strong> solvent misuse: A Glasgow community approach. Br J Addict 79:227-232, 1984. Stalybridge Drugs Education Project. Drug Use Amongst Young People in Thameside: Results <strong>of</strong> Two Surveys Into Young People’s Drug Use: Discussion and Recommendations. Stalybridge: Stalybridge Drugs Education Project, 1989. 247
Streete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; and Flanagan, R.J. Detection and identification <strong>of</strong> volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis <strong>of</strong> acute poisoning. Analyst 117:1111-1127, 1992. Streicher, H.Z.; Gabow, P.A.; Moss, A.H.; Kono, D.; and Kaehny, W.D. Syndromes <strong>of</strong> toluene sniffing in adults. Ann Intern Med 94:758-762, 1981. Stuart, P. Solvents and schoolchildren: Knowledge and experience among a group <strong>of</strong> young people aged 11-18. Health Educ J 45:84-86, 1986. Suruda, A.J., and McGlothlin, J.D. Fatal abuse <strong>of</strong> nitrous oxide in the workplace. J Occup Med 32:682-684, 1990. Swadi, H. Drug and substance use among 3,333 London adolescents. Br J Addict 83:935-942, 1988. Swadi, H. Validating and improving the validity <strong>of</strong> self-reports in adolescent substance misuse surveys. J Drug Issues 20:473-486, 1990. Taylor, J.C.; Norman, C.L.; Griffiths, J.M.; Anderson, H.R.; and Ramsey, J.D. Trends in Deaths Associated With <strong>Abuse</strong> <strong>of</strong> Volatile Substances, 1971-1991. 6th ed. London: St. George’s Hospital Medical School, Department <strong>of</strong> Public Health Sciences, 1993. Thomas, K. Drugs and the Social Context: Sample Survey <strong>of</strong> Youth Clubs in the London Borough <strong>of</strong> Croydon, 1991. Croydon, England: Drug Concern, 1991. Toseland, P.A., and Cameron, J.M.C. A nitrous oxide suicide. J Forensic Sci Soc 24:450, 1984. Trochimowicz, H.J. Development <strong>of</strong> alternative fluorocarbons. In Sharp, C.W.; Beauvais, F.; and Spence, R., eds. <strong>Inhalant</strong> <strong>Abuse</strong>: A Volatile Research Agenda. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Research Monograph 129. NIH Pub. No. 93-3480. Washington, DC: Supt. <strong>of</strong> Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1992. Voigts, A., and Kaufman, C.E., Jr. Acidosis and other metabolic abnormalities associated with paint sniffing. South Med J 76:443-447, 1983. Volans, G.; Murray, V.; and Watson, J. Solvent abuse—Current findings and research needs. Hum Toxicol 1:201-204, 1982. Wallace, L.A. The exposure <strong>of</strong> the general population to benzene. Cell Biol Toxicol 5:297-314, 1989. Watson, J.M. A study <strong>of</strong> solvent sniffing in Lanarkshire 1973/1974. Health Bull 33:153-155, 1975. Williams, M. The Thatcher generation. New Soc 21st February:312-315, 1986. Wixtrom, R.N., and Brown, S.L. Individual and population exposures to gasoline. J Exp Anal Care Environ Epidemiol 2:23-78, 1992. 248
Page 1 and 2:
National I
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT This monograph is ba
Page 5 and 6:
Treatment Strategies for Volatile S
Page 7 and 8:
extent of inhalant
Page 9 and 10:
agencies. Dr. Carlini-Cotrim conclu
Page 11 and 12:
prevalence, after alcohol and tobac
Page 13 and 14:
Inhalant Use in th
Page 15 and 16:
FIGURE 1. Lifetime prevalence for 1
Page 17 and 18:
Reliability of the
Page 19 and 20:
use beginning in 1987 when the surv
Page 21 and 22:
TABLE 2. Current use of</st
Page 23 and 24:
TABLE 3. Use of in
Page 25 and 26:
TABLE 4. Inhalant
Page 27 and 28:
TABLE 5. Lifetime prevalence and cu
Page 29 and 30:
TABLE 7. Inhalant
Page 31 and 32:
CONCLUSION Unlike other drugs in th
Page 33 and 34:
AUTHORS Ruth W. Edwards, Ph.D. Rese
Page 35 and 36:
Epidemiologic data were obtained fo
Page 37 and 38:
perception of the
Page 39 and 40:
Malaysia In Malaysia, the abuse <st
Page 41 and 42:
The primary method of</stro
Page 43 and 44:
them at least two to three times pe
Page 45 and 46:
Curiosity is the most popular motiv
Page 47 and 48:
Inhaling from a plastic bag: The vo
Page 49 and 50:
(between US $0.04 and US $0.80) a d
Page 51 and 52:
truant, who have money, and who are
Page 53 and 54:
Edmondson, K. Review of</st
Page 55 and 56:
Inhalant A
Page 57 and 58:
Children working in the streets 280
Page 59 and 60:
(1986), collected data on the preva
Page 61 and 62:
Anecdotal information suggests that
Page 63 and 64:
FIGURE 3. Psychological process mod
Page 65 and 66:
ehavior. A secondary aim has been u
Page 67 and 68:
REFERENCES ABC Communication. Consu
Page 69 and 70:
Inhalant Use Among
Page 71 and 72:
TABLE 1. Lifetime prevalence <stron
Page 73 and 74:
TABLE 3. Lifetime prevalence <stron
Page 75 and 76:
TABLE 4. Solvent use found for 1,83
Page 77 and 78:
however, rarely is taken into consi
Page 79 and 80:
TABLE 7. Weekly use (at least once
Page 81 and 82:
TABLE 9. Use of dr
Page 83 and 84:
Oetting, E.R.; Edwards, R.W.; and B
Page 85 and 86:
RESULTS Prevalence Rates The findin
Page 87 and 88:
TABLE 2. Use of in
Page 89 and 90:
Incidence Rates Data from the surve
Page 91 and 92:
TABLE 7. Use of in
Page 93 and 94:
FIGURE 2(a). Proportion and number
Page 95 and 96:
TABLE 8. Regression analysis: Use <
Page 97 and 98:
TABLE 10(a). Mean age at first inha
Page 99 and 100:
TABLE 13. Percentage of</st
Page 101 and 102:
FIGURE 3. Opinion on health consequ
Page 103 and 104:
The conduct of con
Page 105 and 106:
Inhalant A
Page 107 and 108:
The lack of epidem
Page 109 and 110:
FIGURE 1. Substance abusers treated
Page 111 and 112:
FIGURE 2. Drug used at initiation <
Page 113 and 114:
The registered inhalant abusers ran
Page 115 and 116:
medication, and jumping from a tall
Page 117 and 118:
(with the main psychoactive compone
Page 119 and 120:
In 1990, a World Health Organizatio
Page 121 and 122:
FIGURE 7. Number of</strong
Page 123 and 124:
of an epidemic, wh
Page 125 and 126:
Oetting, E.R.; Beauvais, F.; and Ed
Page 127 and 128:
FIGURE 1. Arrests for drug statute
Page 129 and 130:
had inhaled the vapor from lacquer
Page 131 and 132:
FIGURE 4. Numbers of</stron
Page 133 and 134:
TABLE 3. Age appeared to consultati
Page 135 and 136:
TABLE 5. Present occupational situa
Page 137 and 138:
FIGURE 5. SOURCE: Longitudnal patte
Page 139 and 140:
FIGURE 7. Longitudinal pattern <str
Page 141 and 142:
Epidemiology <stro
Page 143 and 144:
TABLE 1. National
Page 145 and 146:
(Hughes et al. 1980). The system ha
Page 147 and 148:
TABLE 2. National
Page 149 and 150:
TABLE 3. National
Page 151 and 152:
FIGURE 1. National
Page 153 and 154:
FIGURE 3. Drug Registry System (SRI
Page 155 and 156:
TABLE 5. National
Page 157 and 158:
TABLE 6. National
Page 159 and 160:
TABLE 7. National
Page 161 and 162:
TABLE 9. National
Page 163 and 164:
TABLE 9. National
Page 165 and 166:
TABLE 10. National
Page 167 and 168:
TABLE 10. National
Page 169 and 170:
The longest running institution, th
Page 171 and 172:
Several programs have been develope
Page 173 and 174:
Thus, substance abuse research has
Page 175 and 176:
3. Alcohol and tobacco were not con
Page 177 and 178:
Leal, H., and Pacheco, G. Estrategi
Page 179 and 180:
Division of <stron
Page 181 and 182:
mind the fact that a sizeable numbe
Page 183 and 184:
Adults and Older Students I
Page 185 and 186:
Method Participants. Participants w
Page 187 and 188:
TABLE 6. Types of
Page 189 and 190:
TABLE 9. Sources of</strong
Page 191 and 192:
THE NEED FOR MORE RESEARCH ON INHAL
Page 193 and 194:
funding. However, by encouraging th
Page 195 and 196:
AUTHOR Isidore Silas Obot, Ph.D., M
Page 197 and 198:
abuse and their biomedical, social,
Page 199 and 200:
nitrites—is virtually unknown in
Page 201 and 202: TABLE 3. Frequency of</stro
Page 203 and 204: TABLE 5. Lifetime prevalence and cu
Page 205 and 206: working with children living in the
Page 207 and 208: of the youthful po
Page 209 and 210: Lucchini, R. “Niños Callejeros y
Page 211 and 212: least as far back as 1983. However,
Page 213 and 214: TABLE 1. Phase-out schedule for ozo
Page 215 and 216: inquisitorial, unlike the procedure
Page 217 and 218: UNITED KINGDOM VSA-RELATED MORTALIT
Page 219 and 220: FIGURE 5. United Kingdom VSA-relate
Page 221 and 222: TABLE 2. United Kingdom VSA-related
Page 223 and 224: TABLE 4. United Kingdom VSA-related
Page 229 and 230: NATIONAL VSA STATISTICS The only <s
Page 231 and 232: TABLE 6. National
Page 233 and 234: TABLE 7. Local surveys giving infor
Page 235 and 236: TABLE 7. Local surveys giving infor
Page 237 and 238: presented as a confidential “Scho
Page 239 and 240: TABLE 8. Surveys of</strong
Page 241 and 242: Children’s Act 1989: Section 17 r
Page 243 and 244: problem would go away like other te
Page 245 and 246: Children ages 14-16 “should have
Page 247 and 248: contributions from many small group
Page 249 and 250: Chadwick, O.; Anderson, R.; Bland,
Page 251: Market and Opinion Research Interna
Page 255 and 256: Treatment Strategies for Volatile S
Page 257 and 258: that they chose solvents not only b
Page 259 and 260: Medical management and detoxificati
Page 261 and 262: challenges to a healthy readjustmen
Page 263 and 264: REFERENCES Beauvais, F. Social and
Page 265 and 266: Gathering Epidemiologic Information
Page 267 and 268: DIRECT POPULATION SURVEYS Cross-sec
Page 269 and 270: The findings in the two surveys wer
Page 271 and 272: TABLE 1. Recent use a of</s
Page 273 and 274: are due to the fact that inhalants
Page 275 and 276: number usually is advertised in tel
Page 277 and 278: REFERENCES Beauvais, F. Volatile so
Page 279 and 280: Inhalants: A Polic
Page 281 and 282: predominated, but it seems clear th
Page 283 and 284: classes containing these substances
Page 285 and 286: justify their positions more on pri
Page 287 and 288: eformulation of pr
Page 289 and 290: with abuse potential, and additiona
Page 291 and 292: TABLE 2. Type of l
Page 293 and 294: TABLE 3. Type of d
Page 295 and 296: TABLE 4. Type of b
Page 297 and 298: TABLE 5. Specified products regulat
Page 299 and 300: TABLE 6. Prevention curricula and i
Page 301 and 302: appear to enter treatment that prog
Page 303 and 304:
Policy Alternative 1: Change Produc
Page 305 and 306:
outcome evaluations. Ideally, such
Page 307 and 308:
Mata, A.G., Jr., and Andrew, S.R. <
Page 309 and 310:
Recommendations and Conclusions Zil
Page 311 and 312:
AUTHORS Zili Sloboda, Sc.D. Nichola
Page 313 and 314:
26 42 50 52 53 54 56 61 62 THE BEHA
Page 315 and 316:
80 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 92 NEEDLE S
Page 317 and 318:
102 106 107 108 109 111 112 113 ANA
Page 319 and 320:
124 NEUROBIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO B
Page 321 and 322:
138 139 140 141 142 143 IMAGING TEC
Page 323:
NIH Publication No 95-3831 Printed
show all

Epidemiology of Inhalant Abuse - Archives - National Institute on ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?