Epidemiology of Inhalant Abuse - Archives - National Institute on ...

that they chose solvents not only because <strong>of</strong> their accessibility, but
because they believed the solvent led to a quicker high and that the
solvent high was easier to control. For example, when they start to
“come down,” they say that they know exactly when to huff again to
maintain the high. Solvents, therefore, are not only accessible but they
can be preferred or favored drugs.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLVENT ABUSERS
Solvent abusers <strong>of</strong>ten present with a wide variety <strong>of</strong> social, educational,
and economic problems (Oetting and Webb 1992). Treatment providers
also report that these youths <strong>of</strong>ten have poor interpersonal relationships,
family difficulties, and school problems. Some providers have reported
that they find solvent-abusing youths less aggressive in treatment, while
others have noted a high degree <strong>of</strong> aggressive behavior. It is not clear if
the particular chemical used leads to this different reaction or if
developmental, cultural, or regional factors contribute. Many <strong>of</strong> the
youths have experienced poverty and family difficulties and report
impulsive or risk-taking behavior or both, as well as frequent disclosures
<strong>of</strong> physical and sexual abuse.
Physical harm resulting from solvent abuse has been documented clearly
in the literature (Hormes et al. 1986; Nicholi 1983; Rosenberg and Sharp
1992). It is important to note, however, that most toxic effects <strong>of</strong> solvent
abuse do not occur during initial use. Continued use, however, can result
in serious complications, and these complications constitute one <strong>of</strong> the
primary considerations in the treatment <strong>of</strong> solvent abuse and dependence.
Of particular concern is the widespread neuropsychological damage that
may be present.
It also has been well established in the treatment community that children
and adolescents who are admitted to therapy for solvent abuse or
dependence usually do not present willingly (Jumper-Thurman and
Plested, submitted). It is common for a parent, court worker, social
service worker, teacher, or other concerned relative to refer or admit the
youth for treatment.
In summary, when presented with a solvent-abusing patient, one is
attempting to work with an unwilling individual who may have cognitive
deficits, as well as a multitude <strong>of</strong> additional social and psychological
problems. Further, there has been little in either the treatment or research
252