Epidemiology of Inhalant Abuse - Archives - National Institute on ...

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Kansas City, MO, apparently examined their effectiveness against inhalant abuse. Studies on inhalant abuse policies can and probably should be incorporated into larger evaluations. The inhalant problem does not exist in isolation from other aspects <strong>of</strong> the drug problem. Many <strong>of</strong> the instruments (e.g., prevention, treatment, and law enforcement) that can be used to address inhalant abuse are being used simultaneously to combat abuse <strong>of</strong> other drugs and alcohol—particularly among youth. While there are many unique aspects to the inhalant problem, it would be a lost opportunity to ignore the commonalities with other drug problems and fail to build on broader research initiatives. REFERENCES Beauvais, F., and Oetting, E.R. Toward a clear definition <strong>of</strong> inhalant abuse. Int J Addict 22(8):779-784, 1987. Beauvais, F., and Oetting, E.R. Indian youth and inhalants: An update. In: Crider, R.A., and Rouse, B.A., eds. <strong>Epidemiology</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Inhalant</strong> <strong>Abuse</strong>: An Update. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Research Monograph 85. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM)88-1577. Washington, DC: Supt. <strong>of</strong> Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1988. pp. 34-48. Brandeis University “Drug Services Research Survey: Final Report, Phase II.” Report to the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong>, 1992. Ellickson, P.L., and Bell, R.M. Drug prevention in junior high: A multisite longitudinal test. Science 247:1299-1305, 1990. Garriott, J.C. Death among inhalant abusers. In: Sharp, C.W.; Beauvais, F.; and Spence, R., eds. <strong>Inhalant</strong> <strong>Abuse</strong>: A Volatile Research Agenda. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Research Monograph 129. NIH Pub. No. 93-3480. Washington, DC: Supt. <strong>of</strong> Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1992. Harwood, H.J.; Thomson, M.; Nesmith, T.; Cianci, J.; and Bailey, S. “<strong>Inhalant</strong>s: A Policy Analysis <strong>of</strong> the Problem in the United States.” Report to the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> prepared by the NIDA Policy Center, March 1993. Jumper-Thurman, P., and Beauvais, F. Treatment <strong>of</strong> volatile solvent abusers. In: Sharp, C.W.; Beauvais, F.; and Spence, R., eds. <strong>Inhalant</strong> <strong>Abuse</strong>: A Volatile Research Agenda. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Research Monograph 129. NIH Publication No. 93-3480. Washington, DC: Supt. <strong>of</strong> Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1992. 301
Mata, A.G., Jr., and Andrew, S.R. <strong>Inhalant</strong> abuse in a small rural south Texas community: A social epidemiological overview. In: Crider, R.A., and Rouse, B.A., eds. <strong>Epidemiology</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Inhalant</strong> <strong>Abuse</strong>: An Update. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Research Monograph 85. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM)88-1577. Washington, DC: Supt. <strong>of</strong> Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1988. pp. 49-76. <strong>National</strong> Association <strong>of</strong> State Alcohol and Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Directors. “State Alcohol and Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>ile, 1990.” Report for the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> and the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Alcohol <strong>Abuse</strong> and Alcoholism, 1991. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong>. Annual Medical Examiner Data, 1990. Data from the Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Warning Network (DAWN). <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Statistical Series I, Number 10-B. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM)91-1839. Rockville, MD: <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong>, 1991a. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong>. Annual Emergency Room Data, 1990. Data from the Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Warning Network (DAWN). <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Statistical Series I, Number 10-A. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM)91-1839. Rockville, MD: <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> 1991b. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong>. <strong>National</strong> Household Survey on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong>: Main Findings, 1990. DHHS Pub. No. (SMA)93-1980. Rockville, MD: <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong>, 1993. Oetting, E.R.; Edwards, R.W.; and Beauvais, F. Social and psychological factors underlying inhalant abuse. In: Crider, R.A., and Rouse, B.A., eds. <strong>Epidemiology</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Inhalant</strong> <strong>Abuse</strong>: An Update. <strong>National</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on Drug <strong>Abuse</strong> Research Monograph 85. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM)88- 1577. Washington, DC: Supt. <strong>of</strong> Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1988. pp. 172-203. Office <strong>of</strong> <strong>National</strong> Drug Control Policy. <strong>National</strong> Drug Control Strategy: A Nation Responds to Drug Use. Washington, DC: Executive Office <strong>of</strong> the President, 1992. Office <strong>of</strong> <strong>National</strong> Drug Control Policy. Breaking the Cycle <strong>of</strong> Drug <strong>Abuse</strong>: 1993 Interim <strong>National</strong> Drug Control Strategy. Washington, DC: Executive Office <strong>of</strong> the President, 1993. Pentz, M.A.; Dwyer, J.H.; MacKinnon, D.P.; Flay, B.R.; Hansen, W.B.; Wang, E.Y.; and Jonson, C.A. A multicommunity trial for primary prevention <strong>of</strong> adolescent drug abuse: Effects on drug use prevalence. JAMA 261(22):3259-3266, 1989. 302
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National I
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT This monograph is ba
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Treatment Strategies for Volatile S
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extent of inhalant
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agencies. Dr. Carlini-Cotrim conclu
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prevalence, after alcohol and tobac
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Inhalant Use in th
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FIGURE 1. Lifetime prevalence for 1
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Reliability of the
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use beginning in 1987 when the surv
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TABLE 2. Current use of</st
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TABLE 3. Use of in
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TABLE 4. Inhalant
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TABLE 5. Lifetime prevalence and cu
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TABLE 7. Inhalant
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CONCLUSION Unlike other drugs in th
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AUTHORS Ruth W. Edwards, Ph.D. Rese
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Epidemiologic data were obtained fo
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perception of the
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Malaysia In Malaysia, the abuse <st
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The primary method of</stro
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them at least two to three times pe
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Curiosity is the most popular motiv
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Inhaling from a plastic bag: The vo
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(between US $0.04 and US $0.80) a d
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truant, who have money, and who are
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Edmondson, K. Review of</st
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Inhalant A
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Children working in the streets 280
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(1986), collected data on the preva
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Anecdotal information suggests that
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FIGURE 3. Psychological process mod
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ehavior. A secondary aim has been u
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REFERENCES ABC Communication. Consu
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Inhalant Use Among
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TABLE 1. Lifetime prevalence <stron
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TABLE 3. Lifetime prevalence <stron
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TABLE 4. Solvent use found for 1,83
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however, rarely is taken into consi
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TABLE 7. Weekly use (at least once
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TABLE 9. Use of dr
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Oetting, E.R.; Edwards, R.W.; and B
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RESULTS Prevalence Rates The findin
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TABLE 2. Use of in
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Incidence Rates Data from the surve
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TABLE 7. Use of in
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FIGURE 2(a). Proportion and number
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TABLE 8. Regression analysis: Use <
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TABLE 10(a). Mean age at first inha
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TABLE 13. Percentage of</st
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FIGURE 3. Opinion on health consequ
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The conduct of con
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Inhalant A
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The lack of epidem
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FIGURE 1. Substance abusers treated
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FIGURE 2. Drug used at initiation <
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The registered inhalant abusers ran
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medication, and jumping from a tall
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(with the main psychoactive compone
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In 1990, a World Health Organizatio
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FIGURE 7. Number of</strong
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of an epidemic, wh
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Oetting, E.R.; Beauvais, F.; and Ed
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FIGURE 1. Arrests for drug statute
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had inhaled the vapor from lacquer
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FIGURE 4. Numbers of</stron
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TABLE 3. Age appeared to consultati
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TABLE 5. Present occupational situa
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FIGURE 5. SOURCE: Longitudnal patte
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FIGURE 7. Longitudinal pattern <str
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Epidemiology <stro
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TABLE 1. National
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(Hughes et al. 1980). The system ha
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TABLE 2. National
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TABLE 3. National
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FIGURE 1. National
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FIGURE 3. Drug Registry System (SRI
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TABLE 5. National
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TABLE 6. National
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TABLE 7. National
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TABLE 9. National
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TABLE 9. National
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TABLE 10. National
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TABLE 10. National
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The longest running institution, th
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Several programs have been develope
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Thus, substance abuse research has
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3. Alcohol and tobacco were not con
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Leal, H., and Pacheco, G. Estrategi
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Division of <stron
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mind the fact that a sizeable numbe
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Adults and Older Students I
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Method Participants. Participants w
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TABLE 6. Types of
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TABLE 9. Sources of</strong
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THE NEED FOR MORE RESEARCH ON INHAL
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funding. However, by encouraging th
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AUTHOR Isidore Silas Obot, Ph.D., M
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abuse and their biomedical, social,
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nitrites—is virtually unknown in
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TABLE 3. Frequency of</stro
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TABLE 5. Lifetime prevalence and cu
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working with children living in the
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of the youthful po
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Lucchini, R. “Niños Callejeros y
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least as far back as 1983. However,
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TABLE 1. Phase-out schedule for ozo
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inquisitorial, unlike the procedure
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UNITED KINGDOM VSA-RELATED MORTALIT
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FIGURE 5. United Kingdom VSA-relate
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TABLE 2. United Kingdom VSA-related
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TABLE 4. United Kingdom VSA-related
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NATIONAL VSA STATISTICS The only <s
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TABLE 6. National
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TABLE 7. Local surveys giving infor
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TABLE 7. Local surveys giving infor
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presented as a confidential “Scho
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TABLE 8. Surveys of</strong
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Children’s Act 1989: Section 17 r
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problem would go away like other te
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Children ages 14-16 “should have
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contributions from many small group
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Chadwick, O.; Anderson, R.; Bland,
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Market and Opinion Research Interna
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Streete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey,
Page 255 and 256: Treatment Strategies for Volatile S
Page 257 and 258: that they chose solvents not only b
Page 259 and 260: Medical management and detoxificati
Page 261 and 262: challenges to a healthy readjustmen
Page 263 and 264: REFERENCES Beauvais, F. Social and
Page 265 and 266: Gathering Epidemiologic Information
Page 267 and 268: DIRECT POPULATION SURVEYS Cross-sec
Page 269 and 270: The findings in the two surveys wer
Page 271 and 272: TABLE 1. Recent use a of</s
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Page 277 and 278: REFERENCES Beauvais, F. Volatile so
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Page 281 and 282: predominated, but it seems clear th
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Page 287 and 288: eformulation of pr
Page 289 and 290: with abuse potential, and additiona
Page 291 and 292: TABLE 2. Type of l
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Page 295 and 296: TABLE 4. Type of b
Page 297 and 298: TABLE 5. Specified products regulat
Page 299 and 300: TABLE 6. Prevention curricula and i
Page 301 and 302: appear to enter treatment that prog
Page 303 and 304: Policy Alternative 1: Change Produc
Page 305: outcome evaluations. Ideally, such
Page 309 and 310: Recommendations and Conclusions Zil
Page 311 and 312: AUTHORS Zili Sloboda, Sc.D. Nichola
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Page 315 and 316: 80 82 83 84 85 87 88 89 92 NEEDLE S
Page 317 and 318: 102 106 107 108 109 111 112 113 ANA
Page 319 and 320: 124 NEUROBIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO B
Page 321 and 322: 138 139 140 141 142 143 IMAGING TEC
Page 323: NIH Publication No 95-3831 Printed
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