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Part-A Studies on 2-methyl indoline derivatives…..
A.1 INTRODUCTION TO INDOLE SYSTEM
Indole (2, 3-benzopyrrole, ketole, 1-benzazole; C8H7N) is an aromatic
heterocyclic organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a sixmembered
benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole
ring. The participation of the nitrogen lone electron pair in the aromatic ring
means that indole is not a base, and it does not behave like a simple amine.
Indole is a solid at room temperature. Indole can be produced by
bacteria as a degradation product of the amino acid tryptophan. It occurs
naturally in human feces and has an intense fecal odor. At very low
concentrations, however, it has a flowery smell, and is a constituent of many
flower scents (such as orange blossoms) and perfumes. It also occurs in coal
tar.
Many researchers have described synthesis of indole and its
derivatives along with its applications in literature. 1-47
A.1.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF INDOLE
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Indole is a white coloured solid, melting at 52-54°C and boiling at 253-
254 °C. 0.19 gm of indole is soluble in 100 ml of hot water. Indole is soluble in
alchohol, ethylacetate etc. Indole is having planar molecular shape, 1.22
g/cm 3 density and 2.11 D dipole moment in benzene. All indole derivatives
show certain family resemblances to indole 4 , but striking changes can be
brought about by substitution of groups in the pyrrole ring. Thus, the fecal-like
Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot – 360 005 12
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Fig. A.1
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