sectoral economic costs and benefits of ghg mitigation - IPCC

Transport
Categories vary in applicability from country to country, and many policies and programs cut
across or combine several of these options. The report intended to be neither comprehensive nor
prescriptive, instead providing a baseline of existing policy options. Despite the technological
and policy developments of the past four years, the report’s general findings remain relevant to
the current debate.
600
Figure 1. World Automobile Fleet, 1950-98
Million Cars
500
400
300
200
100
0
Source: AAMA, Standard & Poor's DRI
1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Table 1 “Green Auto Racing” Questionnaire
Governments surveyed: Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Sweden,
Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States
International bodies surveyed: European Union, OECD, IEA
What policies and programs does/do your government(s) have in place which promote the
development and utilization of advanced fuels and vehicles, including:
• Research and development;
• Measures to replace petroleum fuels with alternatives (i.e. natural gas, ethanol, hydrogen
fuel cells);
• Initiatives to develop fuels which reduce emissions of atmospheric pollutants, including
greenhouse gases (i.e. super-efficient “hypercars,” natural gas vehicles, electric vehicles,
hybrid-electric vehicles)
• Procurement of advanced fuels and vehicles; and
• Incentives and/or partnerships with the automobile industry?
Source: NRDC.
184