sectoral economic costs and benefits of ghg mitigation - IPCC

José R. Moreira
Figure 2
CO 2 Reduction Effect of Externality Adders in Fuel Taxes
Source: Michaelis, 1995
Effects on GHG Emissions Due to Incorporation of Externalities
When the price increases from Table 3 above are incorporated in the WEC scenarios (WEC,
1995), the results obtained are shown in Figure 2, which is built using mid-points from the ranges
above. Clearly, the effects on CO 2 emissions are very substantial.
5 Straight Technological Solutions
In parallel with institutional measures previously discussed, which are designed to control private
car transport, it is necessary to rely on technological solutions to reduce air emission from the
automobiles.
This approach must be pursued since significant improvements can be achieved, in some cases
with a possibility of abating C emission at a volume above what can be expected from any
institutional and economic measures.
The technologies can be grouped in two categories:
1. Improving energy efficiency of conversion of conventional fuels in useful energy for
vehicle displacement.
2. Using new and alternative fuels.
195