sectoral economic costs and benefits of ghg mitigation - IPCC
sectoral economic costs and benefits of ghg mitigation - IPCC
sectoral economic costs and benefits of ghg mitigation - IPCC
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Energy Intensive Industries<br />
SANEA (1998) states that this will be achieved by creating awareness <strong>of</strong> the <strong>benefits</strong> <strong>of</strong>, <strong>and</strong><br />
creating <strong>economic</strong> incentives for, energy efficiency. However, barriers do exist in terms <strong>of</strong> lack<br />
<strong>of</strong> awareness, lack <strong>of</strong> information <strong>and</strong> skills, high <strong>economic</strong> return criteria <strong>and</strong> capital <strong>costs</strong>.<br />
Various industries tend to draw on different sources <strong>of</strong> energy, as shown below:<br />
Table 2 Types <strong>and</strong> Amounts <strong>of</strong> Energy source by South African Industries in 1996<br />
Sector Energy Source Quantity<br />
Chemical <strong>and</strong> Petrochemical Coal 250 PJ<br />
Iron <strong>and</strong> Steel Coal 160 PJ<br />
Mining <strong>and</strong> quarrying Electricity 120 PJ<br />
Non-ferrous metals Electricity 47 PJ<br />
Non-metallic minerals Coal 30 PJ<br />
Transport equipment Natural Gas 0.2 PJ<br />
Machinery Natural Gas 4.5 PJ<br />
Food <strong>and</strong> Tobacco Electricity 1.75 PJ<br />
Pulp, paper <strong>and</strong> print Electricity 3.5 PJ<br />
Wood <strong>and</strong> wood products Electricity 2 PJ<br />
Textile <strong>and</strong> leather Electricity 1.75 PJ<br />
Construction Oil 13 PJ<br />
Source: SANEA, 1998<br />
Table 3 Electricity Sales to Industry in 1990 <strong>and</strong> in 1996<br />
Sector GWh (1990) GWh (1996)<br />
Agriculture 339 1850<br />
Textiles 366 490<br />
Wood <strong>and</strong> wood products, paper <strong>and</strong> paper products 1326 1559<br />
Chemicals 7966 9 358<br />
Non-metallic minerals 1194 1144<br />
Metals <strong>and</strong> machinery 114 125<br />
Iron <strong>and</strong> steel 14298 15613<br />
Precious <strong>and</strong> non-ferrous metals 6040 13244<br />
Other 7295 8241<br />
Source: Eskom Statistical Yearbook, 1996<br />
Table 4 Electricity Sales to Mining in 1990 <strong>and</strong> in 1996<br />
Sector GWh (1990) GWh (1996)<br />
Gold <strong>and</strong> uranium 24034 21 565<br />
Diamond 738 707<br />
Coal 2323 2732<br />
Platinum 4387 5541<br />
Copper 1223 1111<br />
Chrome 151 146<br />
Asbestos 141 53<br />
Iron 325 343<br />
Manganese 140 131<br />
Other 882 742<br />
Source: Eskom Statistical Yearbook, 1996<br />
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