White paper on creativity - ebla center

Chapter 13programmes to changed socialrequirements really can be pursued isrevealed by study programmes in severalEuropean countries. In these countriesprofessional musical training is onlyoffered at university level, whereas thefield of preliminary teaching follows alogic of offering musical educationcapable of combining various skills.Degrees in music disciplines in Europeand the United States offer theopportunity to pursue specific studies ofthe repertoire and to obtain theindispensable qualification required toteach music in schools. On one hand,these degrees are geared to making thetraditional figure of the performer andcomposer more multifaceted byorganising study programmes in a richseries of varied courses with obligatoryon the job training and, on the other,they aim to turn out new professionalfigures in collaboration with public andprivate institutions.Inadequate in terms of content andregulations, for a long time the wholeItalian music education system wasstructured in a way that wasincompatible with the systems in almostall other countries in the world. Therewas no clear division into stages with afinal period of music studies to becompleted in the last three years ofhigher education.Thanks to Law 508\99 the rightconditions have now been created, after70 years of immobility, to bring themusic schools up to date. The followinghighlights the basic differences betweenthe old and new study programmes.Table 13.4 – Comparison of the old and new programmes in Italian conservatoriesEntrancequalificationAge limitsPast• Diploma from the fifth class ofprimary school (cf. Royal Decreeno. 1945 of 11 December 1930).• In 1962 when compulsoryeducation was raised to 14,middle schools were annexed tothe conservatories.• Private students are admitted toexams.From 13 to 20, differentiatedaccording to the type of instrument,except for the singing school forwhich the upper age limit is 25.Present• Diploma of 2nd level secondaryeducation. Meritorious students cancomplete their secondary schooldiploma during studies beforeobtaining the conservatory diploma.• Artistic and technical skills equivalentto the third year of courses in the oldsystem.• Private students are no longeradmitted to exams.Ages limits for traditional courses nolonger apply.WHITE PAPER ON CREATIVITY 311