White paper on creativity - ebla center

Chapter 2edited by Frontier Economics for theDCMS, also published in 2007.By mapping out the creative industriesan attempt was made to identify thosesectors of economic activity in whichindividual creativity, skill and talent arethe main inputs in the productionprocess and show a potential for wealthand economic growth through thedevelopment of intellectual property.The creative industries are classifiedaccording to products. The Britishapproach is very wide-ranging, andincludes the traditional culturalindustries and other sectors, such asarchitecture, advertising, software andvideogames, performing arts, fashion,design, and the art and antiques market.On the subject of the CreativeIndustries Model, it is worthmentioning the study on the creativeindustries in Hong Kong made by theCentre for Cultural Policy Research.This study placed the emphasis on twofurther elements of creativity, whichbroaden and deepen the analysis of thecultural and creative industries. Firstly,the contribution of creativity inproducing social and cultural meaningsis made explicit. The creative industriesgenerate externalities, which go beyondthe simple economic dimension oftheir products and activities. Secondly,the Hong Kong approach concentrateson the definition of a “CreativeIndustries Production System”, i.e. thecluster of economic activities makingup the chain of value productiongenerated by creativity.From this point of view, economicactivities are classified according to thestages of conception,production/infrastructure anddistribution. This is a powerfullyinnovative approach since the focusshifts from a definition of the sectorsin terms of goods and services to thevarious stages in the chain of valueproduction. The sectors are no longeridentified as being more or lesscreative, but may be distinguished byhow important the conception stage iscompared to the others.The Copyright Industries Model(WIPO)The approach adopted by the WorldIntellectual Property Organisation(WIPO) focuses on the analysis ofintellectual property rights (especiallycopyright) linked to the creation ofgoods or services.The sector of the Copyright Industriesis mapped out on four concentriclevels, according to the degree ofimportance which property rights havein the overall value of the goods. At thecentre are products totally based oncopyright. These core sectors arepublishing, film, music, entertainmentsoftware, and TV and radio. A secondlevel encompasses those industriesproducing goods which in part or insome aspects are covered by copyright,such as jewellery, designer objects andtoys. The third level consists of theindustries marketing material protectedby copyright, while the fourth groupstogether the copyright-relatedindustries, i.e. those industries whoseWHITE PAPER ON CREATIVITY 51