White paper on creativity - ebla center

Chapter 3concentration compared to theaverage population (Tinagli, 2008). ixFor example, of the 360 metropolitanareas in the United States, seven alonebring together as much as 25% of allAmerican talents: New York, Chicago,Boston, Seattle, Washington, Atlantaand San Francisco. x In Sweden, thetop-ranking country for allclassifications of innovation andcompetitiveness, around 60% of thecreative class and 70% of all artists livein the three regions of Stockholm,Gothenburg and Malmö (Tinagli et al.,2007). xi3.4 Cities as places ofproductionanddisseminationThanks to their capacity to attract andmix people with different backgroundsand with growing consumption needslinked to culture and creativity, citiesalso encourage the development of allthose productions in which thecreative, human and cultural elementhave a predominant role: from musicto theatre, the visual arts, cinema butalso fashion, design and all thoseprocesses using and developingcultural goods (e.g. museum systems).As Peter Hall (1998) wrote on thesubject of recreational and culturalactivities which individuals seek in thecity:Culture, creativity and beauty areincreasingly becoming elements ofvalue – not only cultural but alsoeconomic and developmental value –and sources of new forms ofenterprise and entire industrial sectors.That is why understanding howcreative industries are organisedgeographically and how theirdevelopment is related to somespecific features of the urban contextis an important element when wecome to devise growth strategies forthese sectors. Below we sum up andillustrate some general features of thegeographical distribution ofproduction activities linked to thecreative industries.1) The creative industries leastconnected with manufacturingactivities, such as advertising andbranding, the creation of software andcomputer services, or film, areparticularly highly concentrated andunevenly distributed geographically.Thus, for example, of the 103 Italianprovinces only nine have filmconception and production activitiesof any importance (i.e. with over 100people employed in the wholeprovince).Publicity and marketing, althoughmore substantial and widespread thanfilm activities, show a similar trend:51% of all jobs in conception andproduction activities in this sector areconcentrated in only four provinces(Milan, Turin, Rome and Bologna).2) Moreover, in these creativeindustries less closely linked totraditional manufacturing activitiesthere is a very sharp trend toWHITE PAPER ON CREATIVITY 78