White paper on creativity - ebla center

Notesxlviii The Doxa-Mercury-Touring survey was conducted in collaboration with Ciset-UniversitàCà Foscari, Venice, on behalf of the Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo e la Competitività delTurismo.xlix The most significant international examples of movie-induced tourism are the visitorsattracted to the Notting Hill “set” in London, New Zealand (Lord of the Rings effect) andKorea in the wake of the Winter Sonata soap-opera. In Italy the Castle of Agliè has seen atourist boom thanks to the success of Elisa di Rivombrosa, a television fiction.l Richards G. and Wilson J. (2007) Tourism, Creativity and Development, London, Routledge.li Source Sistan, Servizi Aggiuntivi dei Musei, Monumenti e Aree Archeologiche Statali, 2006lii See also W. Santagata “Elogio della gratuità”, Il Giornale dell’arte, September 2007Notes Chapter 12liii William Morris 1882, Hopes and Fears for Art ( www.gutenberg.org/etext/3773 )liv This definition was formulated by the World Commission on Environment andDevelopment (WECD) in 1987: “Sustainable development is development that meets theneeds of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their ownneeds”. The definition was further elaborated from the point of view of a greater equilibriumbetween man and the environment in 1991 by the World Conservation Union, the UNEnvironment Programme and the World Wide Fund for Nature. Accordingly, sustainabledevelopment also involves “improving the quality of life while living within the carryingcapacity of supporting ecosystems”. In 1994, the International Council for LocalEnvironmental Initiatives (ICLEI) further refined the definition: “development that deliversbasic environmental, social, and economic services to all residents of a community withoutthreatening the viability of the natural, built and social systems upon which the delivery ofservices depends”. Lastly, these definitions can be supplemented by articles 1 and 3 in theUNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity (2001): “ Cultural diversity… is one ofthe roots of development, understood not simply in terms of economic growth, but also as ameans to achieve a more satisfactory intellectual, emotional, moral and spiritual existence.”lv Such a broad and complex creative sphere creates objective difficulties in gathering andcomparing quantitative data to be used in understanding and evaluating the sector. Forexample, in this study, design is included with material culture and not with architecture. Thedata of Eurostat, the main statistical source at European level, refers to a system ofclassification which groups under NACE K 7.4.2 “Architectural and engineering activities andrelated technical consulting”. In addition to engineering of machinery and industrialinstallations, this includes all types of engineering: civil, hydraulic, transport, electric andelectronic, geological and prospecting activities, chemical, mechanical and industrial, safetysystems, weather forecasting and geodetic surveying. Technical testing and analysis ofbuildings is not included since it comes under NACE K 7.4.3.lvi “Community Strategic Guidelines on Cohesion for 2007-2013” (2006/702/EC), par. 2.1.lviiIn Italy around 54% of building activity is dedicated to maintenance; of this around 36%concerns redevelopment and special maintenance.lix Source: ISTAT web site: http://culturaincifre.istat.itWHITE PAPER ON CREATIVITY 377