Mayo Test Catalog, (Sorted By Test Name) - Mayo Medical ...

LAA
8665
FLACT
91560
untreated pernicious anemia, Hodgkin's disease, abdominal and lung cancers, severe shock, and
hypoxia. Moderate to slight increases in LD levels are seen in myocardial infarction (MI), pulmonary
infarction, pulmonary embolism, leukemia, hemolytic anemia, infectious mononucleosis, progressive
muscular dystrophy (especially in the early and middle stages of the disease), liver disease, and renal
disease. In liver disease, elevations of LD are not as great as the increases in aspartate amino transferase
(AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Increased levels of the enzyme are found in about 1/3 of
patients with renal disease, especially those with tubular necrosis or pyelonephritis. However, these
elevations do not correlate well with proteinuria or other parameters of renal disease. On occasion a
raised LD level may be the only evidence to suggest the presence of a hidden pulmonary embolus.
Reference Values:
1-30 days: 135-750 U/L
31 days-11 months: 180-435 U/L
1-3 years: 160-370 U/L
4-6 years: 145-345 U/L
7-9 years: 143-290 U/L
10-12 years: 120-293 U/L
13-15 years: 110-283 U/L
16-17 years: 105-233 U/L
> or =18 years: 122-222 U/L
Clinical References: Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Edited by CA Burtis, ER Ashwood.
Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 2001
Lactate, Plasma
Clinical Information: Lactate is the end product of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism. Major sites
of production are skeletal muscle, brain, and erythrocytes. Lactate is metabolized by the liver. The
concentration of lactate depends on the rate of production and the rate of liver clearance. The liver can
adequately clear lactate until the concentration reaches approximately 2 mmol/L. When this level is
exceeded, lactate begins to accumulate rapidly. For example, while resting lactate levels are usually 20 mmol/L within a few seconds. Lactic acidosis
signals the deterioration of the cellular oxidative process and is associated with hyperpnea, weakness,
fatigue, stupor, and finally coma. These conditions may be irreversible, even after treatment is
administered. Lactate acidosis may be associated with hypoxic conditions (eg, shock, hypovolemia, heart
failure, pulmonary insufficiency), metabolic disorders (eg, diabetic ketoacidosis, malignancies), and toxin
exposures (eg, ethanol, methanol, salicylates).
Useful For: Diagnosing and monitoring patients with lactic acidosis
Interpretation: While no definitive concentration of lactate has been established for the diagnosis of
lactic acidosis, lactate concentrations exceeding 5 mmol/L and pH 2 years: 0.6-2.3 mmol/L
Clinical References: 1. Mizock BA: The hepatosplanchnic area and hyperlactatemia: A tale of two
lactates. Crit Care Med 2001;29(2):447-449 2. Duke T: Dysoxia and lactate. Arch Dis Child
1999;81(4):343-350
Lactoferrin Detection
Reference Values:
Negative
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