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HV1CD
83628
HIV antibody test results. However, a negative HIV-1 antibody WB result does not exclude the
possibility of early HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection. If the HIV-1 antibody WB test result is negative, the
HIV-2 antibody test by EIA will be performed automatically (at an additional charge). Indeterminate
HIV-1 antibody WB results occur when bands are present but the patterns do not meet the criteria for a
positive result. Indeterminate results may indicate a) early, late, or incomplete HIV-1 antibody
reactivity, b) presence of HIV-2 antibodies, or c) presence of non-specific cross-reactive antibodies. For
specimens with indeterminate WB results, confirmatory HIV-1 antibody testing by IFA) and HIV-2
antibody testing by EIA will be performed automatically (at additional charges). Indeterminate WB
patterns can be found in up to 15% of persons without evidence of HIV infection. Individuals with
persistent, stable, indeterminate HIV-1 antibody WB results but without risk factors should be
monitored for 6 months. If no additional WB bands develop during that time, the patient is determined
not to be HIV-infected. An uninterpretable HIV-1 antibody WB result indicates the presence of smear
or blotches obscuring proper reading of the WB strip, in the absence of discrete bands. Such findings
indicate probable nonspecific binding of antibodies in the patientâ€s serum to the WB strip. For
specimens with such uninterpretable WB results, confirmatory HIV-1 antibody test by IFA and HIV-2
antibody testing by EIA will be performed automatically (at additional charges). See HIV Rapid
Serology Follow-up Algorithm in Special Instructions.
Reference Values:
Negative
See HIV Serologic Interpretive Guide in Special Instructions for further interpretive information.
Clinical References: 1. Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Protocols for confirmation of
reactive rapid HIV tests. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004;53:221-222 2. Branson BM, Handsfield
HH, Lampe MA: Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Revised recommendations for HIV testing
of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR Recomm Rep 2006;55:1-17
3. Constantine N: HIV antibody assays May 2006. HIV InSite Knowledge Base (online textbook);
Available from URL: http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=kb-00&doc=kb-02-02-01 4. Owen SM, Yang
C, Spira T: Alternative algorithms for human immunodeficiency virus infection diagnosis using tests that
are licensed in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 2008;46:1588-1595
HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antibodies for Cadaveric or Hemolyzed
Specimens, Serum
Clinical Information: Epidemiological data indicate that AIDS is caused by at least 2 types of HIV.
The first virus, HIV-1, has been isolated from patients with AIDS, AIDS-related complex, and
asymptomatic infected individuals at high risk for AIDS. HIV-1 is transmitted by sexual contact, exposure
to infected blood or blood products, or from an infected mother to her fetus or infant. A second HIV virus,
HIV-2, was isolated from patients in West Africa in 1986. HIV-2 appears to be endemic only in West
Africa, but it also has been identified in individuals who have lived in West Africa or had sexual relations
with individuals from that geographic region. HIV-2 is similar to HIV-1 in its morphology, overall
genomic structure, and its ability to cause AIDS. Antibodies against HIV-1 and HIV-2 are usually not
detected until 6 to 12 weeks following exposure and are almost always detected by 12 months. They may
fall into undetectable levels in the terminal stage of AIDS. See HIV Testing Algorithm (excludes HIV
rapid testing) and HIV Rapid Serology Follow-up Testing Algorithm in Special Instructions.
Useful For: Diagnosis of HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infection in cadaveric or hemolyzed serum specimens
from symptomatic patients with or without risk factors for HIV infection (assay kit is FDA-approved for
testing cadaveric or hemolyzed blood specimens)
Interpretation: A reactive HIV-1/-2 antibody screen result obtained by EIA suggests the presence of
HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infection. However, it does not differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody
reactivity. Confirmatory testing by HIV-1 antibody-specific Western blot (WB) or immunofluorescence
assay is necessary to verify the presence of HIV-1 infection. The presence of HIV-2 infection is screened
by HIV-2 antibody-specific EIA with confirmation by HIV-2 antibody-specific immunoblot assay. All
EIA-reactive specimens tested will automatically be tested by WBAR/23878 HIV-1/-2 Antibody
Confirmatory Evaluation, Serum at an additional charge. Please see the individual unit code for
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