Mayo Test Catalog, (Sorted By Test Name) - Mayo Medical ...

LIS
8384
LKM
80387
Test Performed by: Focus Diagnostics, Inc.
5785 Corporate Avenue
Cypress, CA 90630-4750
Lithium, Serum
Clinical Information: Lithium alters the intraneuronal metabolism of catecholamines by an
unknown mechanism. It is used to suppress the manic phase of manic-depressive psychosis. Lithium is
distributed throughout the total water spaces of the body and is excreted primarily by the kidney.
Toxicity from lithium salts leads to ataxia, slurred speech, and confusion. Since the concentration of
lithium in the serum varies with the time after the dose, blood for lithium determination should be
drawn at a standard time, preferably 8 to 12 hours after the last dose (trough values).
Useful For: Monitoring therapy of patients with bipolar disorders, including recurrent episodes of
mania and depression Evaluating toxicity
Interpretation: Therapeutic concentration: 0.8 to 1.2 mmol/L (trough concentration) Toxic
concentration: >1.6 mmol/L There is no relationship between peak concentration and degree of
intoxication.
Reference Values:
Therapeutic concentration: 0.8-1.2 mmol/L (trough concentration)
Toxic concentration: >1.6 mmol/L
There is no relationship between peak concentration and degree of intoxication.
Clinical References: 1. Judd LL: The therapeutic use of psychotropic medications: lithium and
other mood-normalizing medications. In Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Twelfth edition.
Edited by JD Wilson, E Braunwald, KJ Isselbacher, et al. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company,
1991, pp 2141-2143 2. Gelenberg AJ, Kane JM, Kekller MB, et al: Comparison of standard and low
serum levels of lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1489-93
3. Lithium Product Monograph, Physicians†Desk Reference (PDR). Sixty-first edition. Montvale,
NJ: Thomson PDR, 2007
Liver/Kidney Microsome Type 1 Antibodies, Serum
Clinical Information: Autoimmune liver disease (eg, autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary
cirrhosis) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies including smooth muscle antibodies
(SMA), antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), and anti-liver/kidney microsomal antibodies type 1
(anti-LKM-1).(1) Subtypes of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are based on autoantibody reactivity
patterns. Anti-LKM-1 antibodies serve as a serologic marker for AIH type 2 and typically occur in the
absence of SMA and antinuclear antibodies. These antibodies react with a short linear sequence of the
recombinant antigen cytochrome monooxygenase P450 2D6.(2) Patients with AIH type 2 more often
tend to be young, female, and have severe disease that responds well to immunosuppressive therapy.
Useful For: Evaluation of patients with liver disease of unknown etiology Evaluation of patients with
suspected autoimmune hepatitis
Interpretation: Seropositivity for anti-LKM-1 antibodies is consistent with a diagnosis of AIH type
2.
Reference Values:
< or =20.0 Units (negative)
20.1-24.9 Units (equivocal)
> or =25.0 Units (positive)
Reference values apply to all ages.
Clinical References: 1. Clinical Immunology Principles and Practice. Third edition. Edited by RR
Rich, TA Fliesher, WT Shearer, et al: Philadelphia, PA, Mosby Elsevier, 2008 2. Czaja AJ, Homburger
Current as of January 3, 2013 2:22 pm CST 800-533-1710 or 507-266-5700 or MayoMedicalLaboratories.com Page 1125