MAP Technical Reports Series No. 106 UNEP

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- Organisation of a prompt intervention service for the protection of sea waters and
coastal zones from pollution caused by accidents;
- Penal law norms against the discharge of forbidden substances from merchant ships;
- Institution of marine reserves.
- Urgent dispositions for the protection of areas of particular environmental interest.
Decree June 27, 1985 n.312, converted into law August 8, 1985, n. 431 on the
protection of coastal areas. (Official Gazette n.152, June 29, 1985)
Regional Governments are urged to prepare urban and land use plans in order to define
and to exploit areas of special environmental interest.
- Urgent dispositions for the containment of eutrophication phenomena.. Decree
November 25, 1985 n.667, converted into law January 24, 1986, n. 7 on the limitation
of nutrients load. (Official Gazette n.277, November 25, 1985).
The law aims at the reduction of sea and lake eutrophication of anthropic origin on the
basis of norms finalized at the reduction of phosphorous and of other eutrophying
substances released by communities, agricultural and industrial activities and by
promoting the use and the spread of appropriate water treatment plants.
- Institution of the Ministry of Environment and norms relevant to environmental
damages. Law July 8, 1986 n.349 (modified by Law 305 of August 28,1989) (Official
Gazette n.162, July 15, 1986).
Scope of the Ministry is to assure, in a comprehensive framework, the promotion, the
conservation and the rehabilitation of the appropriate environmental conditions essential
for the fundamental interest of the Community and for the quality of life. In addition the
Ministry must operate in order to preserve and exploit the national natural patrimony and
to protect the natural resources from pollution.
- Dispositions for the fulfilment of obligations deriving from Italy being a member of
EC.Law December 29, 1990 n.428 (EC Law for 1990 - Item 12 "environmental
protection"). (Official Gazette n.10, January 12, 1991) concerning:
- Rehabilitation and conservation of environmental quality standards in order to protect
the fundamental interests of the community, the quality of life, the conservation and
valorisation of natural resources by means of:
- measures for health and environment protection;
- measures for environmental watch and control;
- measures aiming to the prevention from environmental damages and
restoration;
- measures for the elimination, and recycling of polluting substances.
For a comprehensive bibliography see the publication edited jointly by CISDCE and
MAE, 1991 and Capria, 1988.
Spain
- Spanish Shores Act (1988) aimed to:
a) Define the portion of the cost which should be legally considered as public property
and ensures its integrity and adequate preservation.
b) Guarantee the public use of the sea, the shores and the remaining portion of the
coastal public property.
c) Regulate the rational use of said properties under terms which suit their nature and
purpose and which respect the landscape, environmental and historical heritage.
d) Achieve and maintain an adequate level of water and shores quality.