MAP Technical Reports Series No. 106 UNEP

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- 442 - Zevenboom, W., M. Rademaker, L.C. Backus, J.E. Kamphuis, J.B. Martin and R.G. Orth (1989). Airborne surveillance of surface algal blooms in the Dutch part of the North Sea, 1979 - 1989. In: Fourth Meeting of the Working Group on Nutrients, 26-29 September 1989, Oslo Zevenboom, W., M. Rademaker and F. Colijn (1990). Exceptional algal blooms in Dutch North Sea waters. In: Fifth Meeting of the Working Group on Nutrients, 16-19 October 1990, Knokke-Heist Zingone, A., M. Montresor and D. Marino (1985). Temporal and spazial variations of phytoplankton communities from the inner part of the Gulf of Naples; summer 1983. Rapp.Comm.int.Mer Médit., 29(9):103-105 Zoppini, A., R. Pagnotta and A. Puddu (1989). Produzione primaria e biomasse planctoniche alla foce del Tevere (primavera-estate 1987 e 1988). Nova Thalassia, 10, Suppl. 1:213-217 Zurlini, G. (1991). Stima degli apporti in fosforo e azoto dal bacino scolante nella rada della Spezia e valutazione dell'efficacia di possibili interventi di risanamento. Conv.Lega Coop "Riconsegnare il Golfo alla Città" Lerici, 18 Aprile 1991, pp.1-15
- 443 - PUBLICATIONS OF THE MAP TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES 1. UNEP/IOC/WMO: Baseline studies and monitoring of oil and petroleum hydrocarbons in marine waters (MED POL I). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 1. UNEP, Athens, 1986 (96 pages) (parts in English, French or Spanish only). 2. UNEP/FAO: Baseline studies and monitoring of metals, particularly mercury and cadmium, in marine organisms (MED POL II). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 2. UNEP, Athens, 1986 (220 pages) (parts in English, French or Spanish only). 3. UNEP/FAO: Baseline studies and monitoring of DDT, PCBs and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in marine organisms (MED POL III). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 3. UNEP, Athens, 1986 (128 pages) (parts in English, French or Spanish only). 4. UNEP/FAO: Research on the effects of pollutants on marine organisms and their populations (MED POL IV). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 4. UNEP, Athens, 1986 (118 pages) (parts in English, French or Spanish only). 5. UNEP/FAO: Research on the effects of pollutants on marine communities and ecosystems (MED POL V). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 5. UNEP, Athens, 1986 (146 pages) (parts in English or French only). 6. UNEP/IOC: Problems of coastal transport of pollutants (MED POL VI). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 6. UNEP, Athens, 1986 (100 pages) (English only). 7. UNEP/WHO: Coastal water quality control (MED POL VII). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 7. UNEP, Athens, 1986 (426 pages) (parts in English or French only). 8. UNEP/IAEA/IOC: Biogeochemical studies of selected pollutants in the open waters of the Mediterranean (MED POL VIII). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 8. UNEP, Athens, 1986 (42 pages) (parts in English or French only). 8. UNEP: Biogeochemical studies of selected pollutants in the open waters of the Mediterranean Add. MED POL VIII). Addendum, Greek Oceanographic Cruise 1980. MAP Technical Reports Series No. 8, Addendum. UNEP, Athens, 1986 (66 pages) (English only). 9. UNEP: Co-ordinated Mediterranean pollution monitoring and research programme (MED POL - PHASE I). Final report, 1975-1980. MAP Technical Reports Series No. 9. UNEP, Athens, 1986 (276 pages) (English only). 10. UNEP: Research on the toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulation, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of selected substances (Activity G). Final reports on projects dealing with toxicity (1983-85). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 10. UNEP, Athens, 1987 (118 pages) (English only). 11. UNEP: Rehabilitation and reconstruction of Mediterranean historic settlements. Documents produced in the first stage of the Priority Action (1984-1985). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 11. UNEP, Priority Actions Programme, Regional Activity Centre, Split, 1986 (158 pages) (parts in English or French only). 12. UNEP: Water resources development of small Mediterranean islands and isolated coastal areas. Documents produced in the first stage of the Priority Action (1984-1985). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 12. UNEP, Priority Actions Programme, Regional Activity Centre, Split, 1987 (162 pages) (parts in English or French only). 13. UNEP: Specific topics related to water resources development of large Mediterranean islands. Documents produced in the second phase of the Priority Action (1985-1986). MAP Technical Reports Series No. 13. UNEP, Priority Actions Programme, Regional Activity Centre, Split, 1987 (162 pages) (parts in English or French only).
Page 1 and 2:
In cooperation with: En coopératio
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- i - This volume is the one-hundre
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1. INTRO
Page 7 and 8:
Page No. 6.2.2 Effect of the oxygen
Page 9 and 10:
Page No. 8. MANAGEMENT OF EUTROPHIC
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- 2 - The document describes the pr
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- 4 - Visibly, eutrophication and i
Page 15 and 16:
- 6 - It is to be noted that aspect
Page 17 and 18:
- 8 - A significant number of macro
Page 19 and 20:
- 10 - Because of incomplete transf
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3.2.2 Metabolic processes - 12 - 3.
Page 23 and 24:
- 14 - mineralization occurs essent
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or, - 17 - SO 4 2- [S] S2 - SO 4
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- 19 - specific algal blooms. Also
Page 30 and 31:
- 21 - and oxygen consumption due t
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- 23 - conditions, the geochemical
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- 29 - confounded with source emiss
Page 40 and 41:
- 31 - Table 2 Export Coefficients
Page 43 and 44:
- 34 - Table 3 Origin of Nitrogen a
Page 45 and 46:
- 36 - Table 4 Estimated Nitrogen a
Page 47 and 48:
- 38 - Table 5 River Po: Nitrogen a
Page 49 and 50:
- 40 - In conclusion, the procedure
Page 51 and 52:
- 42 - Mapping of this sort could b
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- 44 - and flux pattern of nitrogen
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Albania France 2 Greece Italy 2 Mal
Page 59 and 60:
- 50 - Table 9 Land Use and Trend i
Page 61 and 62:
- 52 - A generalized Model. Essenti
Page 63 and 64:
- 54 - Table 12a Livestock Populati
Page 65 and 66:
- 56 - Table 13a Estimated Total Ni
Page 67 and 68:
- 58 - representing about 50 to 60%
Page 69 and 70:
- 60 - otherwise natural yet low su
Page 71 and 72:
- 62 - Transfer through, and exchan
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- 64 - the required deficit to acco
Page 75 and 76:
A) Morphometry Surface sqkm Mediter
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- 69 - winter months (Del Rio et al
Page 81 and 82:
- 72 - widespread, with secondary e
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Sardinia - 74 - In general, the coa
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- 77 - soluble nitrogen salts and a
Page 90 and 91:
- 81 - bloom of Noctiluca miliaris
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- 83 - in 1984 (Pucher-Petkovic et
Page 95:
- 86 - dead), etc. are occluded. As
Page 98 and 99:
- 89 - Bay of Thessaloniki (north-w
Page 100 and 101:
- 91 - Southern coasts. Basturk et
Page 102 and 103:
- 93 - Since the '60s the inputs fr
Page 104 and 105:
- 95 - which occur in all the seas
Page 107 and 108:
- 98 - Initially, there is a revers
Page 109 and 110:
- 100 - (c) Acute toxicity tests on
Page 111 and 112:
- 102 - 6.2.1 Effect of oxygen defi
Page 113 and 114:
- 104 - Naticarius millepunctatus (
Page 115:
- 106 - Observations in the field h
Page 118:
- 109 - This environmental disturba
Page 121 and 122:
- 112 - In regard to considering th
Page 125 and 126:
- 116 - was recorded in Spain (63 c
Page 127:
- 118 - 7.2.1.8 Human intoxication:
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7.2.2 Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisonin
Page 133 and 134:
- 124 - 7.2.2.4 DSP occurrence in t
Page 135 and 136:
- 126 - Transplantation of mussels
Page 137 and 138:
- 128 - shellfish production sites
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- 130 - 7.3.1.4 Occurrence of Proro
Page 142:
- 133 - act to open membrane channe
Page 147 and 148:
- 137 - Mechanism of action. While
Page 150 and 151:
- 140 - 7.4 General facts on eutrop
Page 153 and 154:
- 143 - Cycle B: refers to aspects
Page 155 and 156:
- 145 - - Protection of human healt
Page 157 and 158:
- 147 - coverage of the sources of
Page 159 and 160:
- 149 - Forcing functions such as i
Page 161 and 162:
10.1 Elimination of nutrients at so
Page 163 and 164:
- 153 - presents also a risk, parti
Page 165 and 166:
- 155 - - inland water management;
Page 167 and 168:
- 157 - The Shores Act, therefore,
Page 169 and 170:
13.2 Assessment of the present stat
Page 171 and 172:
- 161 - Appendix I MEASUREMENTS OF
Page 173 and 174:
- 163 - biogenic sestonic organic m
Page 175 and 176:
- 165 - Alam, M., Y. Shimizu, M. Ik
Page 177 and 178:
- 167 - Ballantine, D. and B.C. Abb
Page 179 and 180:
- 169 - Bombace, G. (1985). Eutrofi
Page 181 and 182:
- 171 - Capria A. (1988). Direttive
Page 183 and 184:
- 173 - Chiaudani, G., G. Gaggino,
Page 185 and 186:
- 175 - Cummins, J.M., A.C. Jones a
Page 187 and 188:
- 177 - Doyle, J. M. Parker, T. Dun
Page 189 and 190:
- 179 - Franco, P. and A. Michelato
Page 191 and 192:
- 181 - Giovanardi, G. and E. Trome
Page 193 and 194:
- 183 - Hickel, W. (1991). Long-ter
Page 195 and 196:
- 185 - Justic, D. (1987). Long-ter
Page 197 and 198:
- 187 - Krogh, P., L. Edlar, E. Gra
Page 199 and 200:
- 189 - Lüthy, J. (1979). Epidemic
Page 201 and 202:
- 191 - Martin, D.F. and A.B. Chatt
Page 203 and 204:
- 193 - Moro, I. and C. Andreoli (1
Page 205 and 206:
- 195 - Pagou, K. and L. Ignatiades
Page 207 and 208:
- 197 - Precali, R. (1995). Analysi
Page 209 and 210:
- 199 - Revelante, N., W.T. William
Page 211 and 212:
- 201 - Sampayo, M.A. de M., P. Alv
Page 213 and 214:
- 203 - Skagshaug, E. and Y. Olsen
Page 215 and 216:
- 205 - Takai, A., C. Bialojan, M.
Page 217 and 218:
- 207 - Vatova, A. (1949). La fauna
Page 219 and 220:
- 209 - Vollenweider, R.A. and A.A.
Page 221 and 222:
- 211 - Yentch, C.S. and R.F. Vacca
Page 223 and 224:
TABLE DES MATIERES Page No. 1. INTR
Page 225 and 226:
Page No. 6.2 Dommages occasionnés
Page 227 and 228:
Page No. 7.3.6 Les toxines de cyano
Page 229 and 230:
1. INTRODUCTION - 221 - Aux termes
Page 231 and 232:
- 223 - - élimination/réduction d
Page 233 and 234:
- 225 - bien au-delà, alors que l'
Page 235 and 236:
- 227 - 3. CAUSES ET MECANISMES DE
Page 237 and 238:
3.1.2 Producteurs secondaires - 229
Page 239 and 240:
- 231 - En raison du transfert inco
Page 241 and 242:
- 233 - C 106N 16H 180O 44(PO 4)SH
Page 243 and 244:
- 235 - qui excèdent l'unité 4 .
Page 245:
- 237 - Azote. La séquence est com
Page 248 and 249:
- 240 - L'agrégation hiérarchique
Page 250 and 251:
- 242 - brassage en profondeur, des
Page 252 and 253:
- 244 - la méthode retenue pour ca
Page 256:
- 248 - de traitement secondaire, c
Page 260 and 261:
- 252 - kg/jour, t/année, etc., ma
Page 262 and 263:
4.3.3 Voies de cheminement et flux
Page 265 and 266:
- 257 - l'ammoniaque et de l'urée
Page 267 and 268:
- 259 - Tableau 4 Exportations esti
Page 269 and 270:
- 261 - Tableau 5 Le Pô: exportati
Page 271 and 272:
- 263 - correcte à la question, on
Page 273 and 274:
- 265 - Val d'Aoste, Lombardie, Emi
Page 275:
- 267 - La comparaison entre ces es
Page 278 and 279:
- 270 - Tableau 7 Population par pa
Page 280:
- 272 - des polyphosphates des dét
Page 283 and 284:
Albanie France Grèce Italie Malte
Page 285 and 286:
- 277 - ii) sur la charge domestiqu
Page 287 and 288:
- 279 - sont retenus dans le bassin
Page 289 and 290:
- 281 - Tableau 13b Estimation de l
Page 291 and 292:
- 283 - Tableau 14 Régions et fleu
Page 293 and 294:
Région 1 Alboran 2 Nord-ouest 3 Su
Page 295 and 296:
- 287 - d'éléments nutritifs d'or
Page 297 and 298:
- 289 - Une autre perspective qu'on
Page 299:
- 291 - En raison de cet afflux et
Page 302:
- 294 - ont été observées en div
Page 305 and 306:
- 297 - périodes; on l'observe par
Page 307 and 308:
Sardaigne - 299 - Dans l'ensemble,
Page 310:
- 302 - La situation des eaux côti
Page 314 and 315:
- 306 - des courants à direction s
Page 316 and 317:
- 308 - bassins hydrographiques de
Page 319 and 320:
- 311 - Les causes de la grave dét
Page 322 and 323:
- 314 - Cependant, dans des diverse
Page 324 and 325:
- 316 - dominants ont tendance à s
Page 326 and 327:
5.2.10 Israël. Méditerranée orie
Page 328 and 329:
- 320 - reçoit 75% des apports dus
Page 330 and 331:
6.1.1 Dinophycées - 322 - Les pull
Page 333 and 334:
- 325 - polysaccharide, 26 groupeme
Page 335 and 336:
- 327 - d'"eaux anormalement color
Page 337 and 338:
- 329 - 6.2 Dommages occasionnés a
Page 339 and 340:
- 331 - Lors de l'épisode de morta
Page 341 and 342:
- 333 - dans la recolonisation des
Page 344 and 345:
- 336 - L'étude d'impact sur l'env
Page 347 and 348:
- 339 - naturelle et anthropique so
Page 349:
- 341 - Des données récentes indi
Page 353 and 354:
- 345 - Des échantillons de planct
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- 347 - sur les canaux ioniques. Le
Page 358:
- 350 - sacculus, Prorocentrum lima
Page 361 and 362:
- 353 - algales liposolubles, confo
Page 363 and 364:
- 355 - Des moules toxiques du nord
Page 365 and 366:
- 357 - encore procédé à une év
Page 367 and 368:
- 359 - l'expansion progressive ver
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- 362 - canadienne actuelle, s'appl
Page 374 and 375:
- 366 - éliminent 60% de la toxine
Page 376:
- 368 - des proliférations de phyt
Page 379:
- 371 - En dehors des effets négat
Page 382 and 383:
- 374 - autrement dit le temps néc
Page 384 and 385:
- 376 - l'eutrophisation, sauf prè
Page 386 and 387:
- 378 - Quand des aspects important
Page 388 and 389:
- 380 - Le type de traitement et de
Page 390 and 391:
- 382 - d'épuration. L'épandage e
Page 392 and 393:
- 384 - moyen de canalisations pos
Page 394 and 395:
Espagne - 386 - - La loi relative a
Page 396 and 397:
Turquie - 388 - La loi sur l'enviro
Page 398 and 399:
- 390 - POL - Phase II), mené dans
Page 400 and 401: - 392 - Appendice I MESURES DE LA B
Page 402 and 403: - 394 - La détermination respectiv
Page 404 and 405: - 396 - Alam, M., N.M. Trieff, S.M.
Page 406 and 407: - 398 - Balci, A., F. Kucuksezgin,
Page 408 and 409: - 400 - Bodeanu, N. and M. Usurelu
Page 410 and 411: - 402 - Capelli F. and E. Friz (198
Page 412 and 413: - 404 - Chiaudani, G, R. Marchetti
Page 414 and 415: - 406 - Cummins, J.M., A.A. Stevens
Page 416 and 417: - 408 - Dowidar, N.M. and T.A. Abou
Page 418 and 419: - 410 - Fraga, S., J. Marino, I. Br
Page 420 and 421: - 412 - Giordani, P. (1990b). Il mo
Page 422 and 423: - 414 - Hescheler, J., G. Mieskes,
Page 424 and 425: - 416 - Jørgensen, B.B. (1980). Se
Page 426 and 427: - 418 - Krogh, P. (1989). Report of
Page 428 and 429: - 420 - Lüthy, J. (1979). Epidemic
Page 430 and 431: - 422 - Martin, J.-M., F. Elbaz-Pou
Page 432 and 433: - 424 - Morton, B. (1989). Pollutio
Page 434 and 435: - 426 - Paulmier, G. (1977). Note s
Page 436 and 437: - 428 - Provini, A., G.F. Gaggino a
Page 438 and 439: - 430 - Riggio, S., G. D'Anna and M
Page 440 and 441: - 432 - Sato, S., P. Nogueira, M. P
Page 442 and 443: - 434 - Solomon, A.E. and R.B. Stou
Page 444 and 445: - 436 - Taylor, F.Y.R. (1990). Toxi
Page 446 and 447: - 438 - Viviani, R. (1977a). Aspett
Page 448 and 449: - 440 - Vukadin, I. (1992). Impact
Page 452 and 453: - 444 - 14. UNEP: Experience of Med
Page 454 and 455: - 446 - 46. UNEP/WHO: Epidemiologic
Page 456 and 457: - 448 - 75. UNEP/WHO: Development a
Page 458 and 459: - 450 - PUBLICATIONS "MAP TECHNICAL
Page 460 and 461: - 452 - 28. PNUE: Etat du milieu ma
Page 462 and 463: - 454 - 59. PNUE/FAO/AIEA: Actes de
Page 464 and 465: - 456 - 90. PNUE: Projet de la Baie
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MAP Technical Reports Series No. 106 UNEP

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