MAP Technical Reports Series No. 106 UNEP

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- 34 - Table 3 Origin of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loads from Anthropogenic Sources % Nitrogen % Phosphorus Urban Sewage: 20 - 40 40 - 60 - (80) Agro Industries: Crop production and Fertilizer use, Animal husbandry, Food transformation 40 - 60 - (80) 20 - 40 Others: Industries, Urban runoff, Atmospheric Precipitation 10 - 20
Page 1 and 2: In cooperation with: En coopératio
Page 3 and 4: - i - This volume is the one-hundre
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1. INTRO
Page 7 and 8: Page No. 6.2.2 Effect of the oxygen
Page 9 and 10: Page No. 8. MANAGEMENT OF EUTROPHIC
Page 11 and 12: - 2 - The document describes the pr
Page 13 and 14: - 4 - Visibly, eutrophication and i
Page 15 and 16: - 6 - It is to be noted that aspect
Page 17 and 18: - 8 - A significant number of macro
Page 19 and 20: - 10 - Because of incomplete transf
Page 21 and 22: 3.2.2 Metabolic processes - 12 - 3.
Page 23 and 24: - 14 - mineralization occurs essent
Page 26 and 27: or, - 17 - SO 4 2- [S] S2 - SO 4
Page 28 and 29: - 19 - specific algal blooms. Also
Page 30 and 31: - 21 - and oxygen consumption due t
Page 32: - 23 - conditions, the geochemical
Page 38 and 39: - 29 - confounded with source emiss
Page 40 and 41: - 31 - Table 2 Export Coefficients
Page 44 and 45: - 35 - and Marchetti (1987) the rel
Page 46 and 47: - 37 - of some 70,000 sqkm of which
Page 48 and 49: Nitrogen: Basin: Population: Phosph
Page 50 and 51: - 41 - other hand, the high density
Page 52 and 53: - 43 - c) Livestock Cattle Hogs She
Page 55 and 56: - 46 - "active" 5 size of this basi
Page 57: - 48 - and 83,000 t/year, respectiv
Page 60 and 61: Albania France Greece Italy Malta M
Page 62 and 63: - 53 - Table 11 High-Low Density Ag
Page 64 and 65: - 55 - phosphorus with estimates ma
Page 66 and 67: - 57 - to 10,000 t/y, while for the
Page 68 and 69: Region Name 1 Alboran Spain Morocco
Page 70 and 71: Region 1 Alboran 2 Northwest 3 Sout
Page 72 and 73: - 63 - estimates are about half of
Page 74 and 75: - 65 - in view of the projected pop
Page 76: - 67 - Figure 9 summarizes the most
Page 80 and 81: - 71 - Some of the coastal lagoons
Page 82 and 83: - 73 - Tyrrhenian Sea. One area rep
Page 84: - 75 - Southern shores. A correspon
Page 89 and 90: - 80 - Northern Adriatic (Veneto, F
Page 91 and 92: - 82 - waters (eg Pojed and Kveder,
Page 94 and 95:
- 85 - that the dynamics of the phy
Page 97 and 98:
- 88 - communities with a spider's
Page 99 and 100:
- 90 - values near the Bosphorus. T
Page 101 and 102:
5.2.11 Egypt: South-eastern Mediter
Page 103 and 104:
- 94 - winter and spring, and 45 in
Page 105:
- 96 - Gymnodinium catenatum has al
Page 108 and 109:
- 99 - of red tide produced by thes
Page 110 and 111:
- 101 - phytoplankton extracts it h
Page 112 and 113:
- 103 - Living, moribund and dead S
Page 114 and 115:
- 105 - In contrast, it seems that
Page 117 and 118:
- 108 - 6.3.2 Effects on tourism in
Page 120 and 121:
7. HUMAN HEALTH ASPECTS - 111 - 7.1
Page 122:
- 113 - al., 1990) and in Southern
Page 126 and 127:
7.2.1.5 PSP compromised seafoods -
Page 129 and 130:
- 120 - remains essentially symptom
Page 132 and 133:
- 123 - Table 22 Toxicity and chemi
Page 134 and 135:
7.2.2.5 DSP compromised seafoods -
Page 136 and 137:
7.2.2.9 Mechanism of action - 127 -
Page 138 and 139:
- 129 - poisoning. Prorocentrum min
Page 141 and 142:
7.3.2.3 Methods of analysis for ASP
Page 145:
- 135 - The main question was the s
Page 148:
- 138 - Sacchetti, 1983). A Gymnodi
Page 151:
- 141 - during the degradation proc
Page 154 and 155:
- 144 - in urban treatment plant ef
Page 156 and 157:
- Nutrients - 146 - The concentrati
Page 158 and 159:
9.6 Environmental capacity - 148 -
Page 160 and 161:
- 150 - The definition of most appr
Page 162 and 163:
- 152 - presenting the greatest ris
Page 164 and 165:
- 154 - Once the phenomenon to be m
Page 166 and 167:
- 156 - - Organisation of a prompt
Page 168 and 169:
- 158 - This Directive concerns the
Page 170 and 171:
- 160 - (a) co-ordinating the work
Page 172 and 173:
a) Plankton and bioseston - 162 - A
Page 174 and 175:
14. REFERENCES - 164 - Abboud-Abi S
Page 176 and 177:
- 166 - Aubert, M. (1988). Théorie
Page 178 and 179:
- 168 - Benzi, A. (1990). La città
Page 180 and 181:
- 170 - Bragadin , G.L., M. Mancini
Page 182 and 183:
- 172 - Catsiki, V.A. (1991). Pollu
Page 184 and 185:
- 174 - Cossu, R., E. De Fraja Fran
Page 186 and 187:
- 176 - Degobbis, D., N. Smodlaka,
Page 188 and 189:
- 178 - Fanuko, N. (1989). Possible
Page 190 and 191:
- 180 - Gangemi, G. (1973). Appariz
Page 192 and 193:
- 182 - Hall, S., P.B. Reichard and
Page 194 and 195:
- 184 - Innamorati, M., L. Alberota
Page 196 and 197:
- 186 - Kerr, S.R. (1974). Theory o
Page 198 and 199:
- 188 - Lawrence, J.F., C.F. Charbo
Page 200 and 201:
- 190 - Marasovic, I. and T. Pucher
Page 202 and 203:
- 192 - Ministero della Sanità (19
Page 204 and 205:
- 194 - O'Kane, J.P., V. Smetacek a
Page 206 and 207:
- 196 - Pettine, M., T. La Noce, R.
Page 208 and 209:
- 198 - Ray, S.M. and D.W. Aldrich
Page 210 and 211:
- 200 - Rosenberg, R. (1985). Eutro
Page 212 and 213:
- 202 - Schroeder, B. (1911). Adria
Page 214 and 215:
- 204 - Steidinger, K.A. (1979). Co
Page 216 and 217:
- 206 - Tregouboff, G. (1962). Sur
Page 218 and 219:
- 208 - Viviani, R. and R. Poletti
Page 220 and 221:
- 210 - White, A.W., J.L. Martin, M
Page 222 and 223:
EVALUATION DE L'ETAT DE L'EUTROPHIS
Page 224 and 225:
Page No. 4. SOURCES D'ELEMENTS NUTR
Page 226 and 227:
Page No. 7.2.2.5 Produits de la mer
Page 228 and 229:
Page No. 12. JUSTIFICATION DE L'INS
Page 230 and 231:
- 222 - Le document expose l'état
Page 232 and 233:
- 224 - visibles - ou alternent ave
Page 234 and 235:
- 226 - mortalités de dauphins au
Page 236 and 237:
- 228 - Les algues (micro- et macro
Page 238 and 239:
- 230 - Divers. Il existe quelques
Page 240 and 241:
- 232 - toutefois ne pas durer, si
Page 242 and 243:
- 234 - Par conséquent, l'incorpor
Page 244 and 245:
- 236 - b) Nitrates absents, sulfat
Page 247 and 248:
3.2.2.4 Aspects cinétiques - 239 -
Page 249 and 250:
- 241 - est régie à tout moment p
Page 251 and 252:
- 243 - Un point supplémentaire à
Page 253:
- 245 - (cf. chapitre 3). Toutefois
Page 258:
- 250 - définissables au plan qual
Page 261 and 262:
Fleuve longueur km - 253 - Tableau
Page 263:
j. rejets industriels k. perte due
Page 266 and 267:
- 258 - %, ce qui ferait de l'élev
Page 268 and 269:
- 260 - relatives du bassin. Si la
Page 270 and 271:
Azote: Bassin: Population: Phosphor
Page 272 and 273:
Albanie France Grèce Italie 3 Malt
Page 274 and 275:
- 266 - d) Industries 3,58 6,06 e)
Page 277 and 278:
- 269 - ii) Charge du bassin atteig
Page 279 and 280:
- 271 - Au moyen du modèle de rég
Page 282 and 283:
- 274 - Tableau 9 Utilisation du so
Page 284 and 285:
- 276 - Tableau 11 Secteurs d'activ
Page 286 and 287:
- 278 - v) la perte d'azote et de p
Page 288 and 289:
- 280 - la charge totale peuvent ê
Page 290 and 291:
- 282 - d'exportation calculés pou
Page 292 and 293:
d) Dépôts éoliens - 284 - En deh
Page 294 and 295:
- 286 - Les estimations des flux é
Page 296 and 297:
- 288 - Tableau 18 Charge d'azote e
Page 298 and 299:
- 290 - importante; on peut relever
Page 301 and 302:
- 293 - le long du courant de l'Atl
Page 304 and 305:
- 296 - - Corse. Cette île, qui po
Page 306 and 307:
- 298 - conduit à prendre des mesu
Page 308:
- 300 - Côtes sud. Un cas correspo
Page 313 and 314:
- 305 - L'apparition de ces flagell
Page 315 and 316:
- 307 - (1991b) concordent avec cel
Page 317:
- 309 - D'autres observations conce
Page 320:
- 312 - Tableau 21 Charge d'azote e
Page 323 and 324:
- 315 - Baie de Thessalonique (nord
Page 325 and 326:
- 317 - (1992) parviennent aux mêm
Page 327 and 328:
- 319 - Port-Est (2,53 km 2 ). De f
Page 329 and 330:
- 321 - zones environnantes, alors
Page 331:
- 323 - Studi Ricerche Risorse Biol
Page 334 and 335:
- 326 - 1955. Après 1983, de nombr
Page 336 and 337:
- 328 - hémolysines puissantes. Le
Page 338 and 339:
Bivalves - 330 - Dans le golfe de T
Page 340 and 341:
- 332 - Tellinella distorta (Poli)
Page 342:
- 334 - Comme, en Méditerranée, i
Page 345:
- 337 - Ces données ont été comm
Page 348 and 349:
- 340 - Dans le présent chapitre,
Page 352 and 353:
- 344 - fatale chez l'homme communi
Page 354 and 355:
- 346 - Hall, 1991). Cette épreuve
Page 357 and 358:
- 349 - médicaux. De nombreux pati
Page 360 and 361:
- 352 - Des descriptions nosologiqu
Page 362 and 363:
- 354 - al., 1993). Par contre, en
Page 364 and 365:
7.2.2.9 Mécanisme d'action - 356 -
Page 366 and 367:
- 358 - l'homme, différente de la
Page 368:
- 360 - une leucocytose, une anémi
Page 372:
- 364 - L'algue verte Chaeatomorpha
Page 375 and 376:
- 367 - 7.3.5.6 Niveaux de toléran
Page 378 and 379:
- 370 - 1992) a distingué une eutr
Page 381 and 382:
- 373 - Cycle B: il a trait aux asp
Page 383 and 384:
- 375 - La surveillance à des fins
Page 385 and 386:
- 377 - La plupart des scientifique
Page 387 and 388:
- 379 - - conservation de la masse,
Page 389 and 390:
- 381 - En ce qui concerne les él
Page 391 and 392:
- 383 - séquentiels (aérobie-anox
Page 393 and 394:
- 385 - - niveaux de pollution; - p
Page 395 and 396:
- 387 - - l'organisation des servic
Page 397 and 398:
- 389 - - Directive du Conseil du 2
Page 399 and 400:
- 391 - complexes qui retentissent
Page 401 and 402:
a) Plancton et bioseston - 393 - Un
Page 403 and 404:
- 395 - Le macronecton, comme les c
Page 405 and 406:
- 397 - A.S.A.E. (1979). Agricultur
Page 407 and 408:
- 399 - Bencivelli, S. and N. Casta
Page 409 and 410:
- 401 - Boussoulengas, A. and A.V.
Page 411 and 412:
- 403 - Castagna, M., Y. Takay, K.
Page 413 and 414:
- 405 - Cortes, D., J. Gil and A. G
Page 415 and 416:
- 407 - Degobbis, D. (1990b). A sto
Page 417 and 418:
- 409 - Erdman, L., M. Sofiev, S. S
Page 419 and 420:
- 411 - Gacic, M., A. Baric, N. Krs
Page 421 and 422:
- 413 - Hall, S. (1991). Natural to
Page 423 and 424:
- 415 - Impellizeri, G., S. Mangiaf
Page 425 and 426:
- 417 - Kendal, M. (1991). Long-ter
Page 427 and 428:
- 419 - Lawrence, J.F., C.F. Charbo
Page 429 and 430:
- 421 - Marasovic, I. and T. Pucher
Page 431 and 432:
- 423 - Ministero della Sanità (19
Page 433 and 434:
- 425 - O'Kane, J.P., M. Suppo, E.
Page 435 and 436:
- 427 - Piccinetti, C. and G. Manfr
Page 437 and 438:
- 429 - Regione Emilia-Romagna (198
Page 439 and 440:
- 431 - Rydberg, L. (1982). Nutrien
Page 441 and 442:
- 433 - Shibata, S., Y. Ishida, H.
Page 443 and 444:
- 435 - Stravisi, F. (1991). Intera
Page 445 and 446:
- 437 - UNEP (1983). Technical Aspe
Page 447 and 448:
- 439 - Viviani, R., L. Boni, A. Mi
Page 449 and 450:
- 441 - Yasumoto, T. and M. Murata
Page 451 and 452:
- 443 - PUBLICATIONS OF THE MAP TEC
Page 453 and 454:
- 445 - 30. UNEP: Meteorological an
Page 455 and 456:
- 447 - 60. UNEP/WHO: Development a
Page 457 and 458:
- 449 - 91. UNEP: A Contribution fr
Page 459 and 460:
- 451 - 14. PNUE: L'expérience des
Page 461 and 462:
- 453 - 45. PNUE/AIEA: Transfert de
Page 463 and 464:
- 455 - 74. PNUE/FIS: Rapport de l'
Page 465:
Issued and printed by: Mediterranea
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MAP Technical Reports Series No. 106 UNEP

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