MAP Technical Reports Series No. 106 UNEP

Page No.
7.3.1 Prorocentrum minimum and venerupin
Shellfish poisoning 128
7.3.1.1 Organisms producing toxins 128
7.3.1.2 Research on the components of venerupin poisoning 129
7.3.1.3 Prorocentrum minimum and venerupin
occurrence worldwide 129
7.3.1.4 Occurrence of Prorocentrum minimum in the
Mediterranean sea 130
7.3.1.5 Methods of analysis for venerupin 130
7.3.1.6 Human intoxication 130
7.3.1.7 Therapy 130
7.3.2 Nitzschia spp. and Amnesic Shellfish Poison (ASP) 130
7.3.2.1 Chemistry of ASP component 131
7.3.2.2 ASP producing organisms 131
7.3.2.3 Methods of analysis for ASP 132
7.3.2.4 ASP occurrence in the world 132
7.3.2.5 Nitzschia spp. and mucilaginous aggregates
in Adriatic sea 132
7.3.2.6 Human intoxication: clinical toxicology 132
7.3.2.7 Toxicology 132
7.3.2.8 Tolerance levels and remarks on safety 133
7.3.3 Chlorophyta toxins and seafoods 134
7.3.4 Rhodophyta toxins and seafoods 134
7.3.5 Gymnodinium spp. blooms: Neurotoxic shellfish
Poisoning (NSP) and respiratory irritation 135
7.3.5.1 NSP producing or potentially toxic dinoflagellates 135
7.3.5.2 Chemistry of NSP components 135
7.3.5.3 Brevetoxin compromised seafoods 135
7.3.5.4 Methods of analysis for NSP 135
7.3.5.5 Toxicology 136
7.3.5.6 Tolerance levels and safety considerations 137
7.3.5.7 Gymnodinium spp. in the Mediterranean sea 137
7.3.6 Cyanophyta toxins causative agents of respiratory
irritation and contact dermatitis 138
7.3.6.1 Chemical structures 138
7.3.6.2 Human intoxication 138
7.3.6.3 Toxicology 138
7.3.6.4 Cyanophyta in the Mediterranean sea 139
7.4 General facts on eutrophication, bacteria and human health 140
7.4.1 Bacterial cycle eutrophication 140
7.4.2 Marine bacteria and red tide link 140
7.4.3 Effects on bacteria of active principles produced
by phytoplankton 140
7.4.4 Direct and indirect effects of bacteria on human health 141