101 Myths of the Bible: how ancient scribes - Conscious Evolution TV

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Myths of the Beginning 79 The incident of the birds presents a startling parallel with the Mesopotamian flood myth persevered in the Gilgamesh epic. In that story, Utnapishtim, the hero of the flood story, also landed on top of a mountain and on three occasions he released birds for the same reason Noah did. It is this sort of detail that leads to the conclusion that the Gilgamesh author and the biblical author shared common sources in telling their tales. But the Gilgamesh and Noah bird stories have some confusing differences. In the former, Utnapishtim released three different birds in the following sequence: dove, swallow, and then raven. Noah, however, released four birds on three occasions. At first he let go a raven and a dove. The dove returned, but the raven kept flying about. He then released the same dove two more times. Why four bird releases in Genesis and only three in the Gilgamesh story? The contradiction underscores the problems facing the biblical redactor. On the one hand, he had a story from Egypt in which a single bird flew above the flood. On the other, he had a story from Mesopotamia in which three birds were released and two returned. Altogether, he had four birds, two that returned and two that didn’t. The biblical editor put all four birds into his revised account, but the raven presented a special problem. In the Gilgamesh epic, the hero released a dove at the beginning of the sequence and a raven at the end; the dove returned and the raven didn’t. In Genesis, Noah released a dove and a raven simultaneously and, as in Gilgamesh, the dove returned and the raven didn’t. In Gilgamesh, the hero also released a swallow, but Genesis has no such bird. Instead, Noah released the dove two more times. The biblical redactor must have been faced with more than one Babylonian source for the flood story, the traditional Gilgamesh version with a dove, swallow, and a raven, and another account with all doves or unidentified birds. We know from the writings of Berossus, a Babylonian priest from the time of Alexander the Great, that at least one version of the story involved releasing three groups of unidentified birds. In the Egyptian source, the non-returning bird would have been the benben bird, which Egyptians identified with the heron, and it behaved differently than did the Babylonian birds, especially since it had no need to search for dry land. It remained in the air and flew about until the first land appeared.
80 101 Myths of the Bible The biblical author, knowing from one of the Babylonian accounts that he had to account for a raven not returning, simply substituted the Babylonian raven for the Egyptian heron, and left it flying about until it found a place to land.
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yths of the Bible ow ncient cribes
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Copyright © 2000 by Gary Greenberg
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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Table of Contents vii 48. Abraham c
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Preface n 101 Myths of the Bible, I
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Preface xi Moses, according to the
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Preface xiii breakup of Solomon’s
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xvi 101 Myths of the Bible Over the
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xviii 101 Myths of the Bible J may
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xx 101 Myths of the Bible and polit
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xxii 101 Myths of the Bible the bib
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xxiv 101 Myths of the Bible period?
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xxvi 101 Myths of the Bible The pre
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Timetable of Biblical History (All
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P a r t O n e yths of the Beginning
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4 101 Myths of the Bible ditions, w
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6 101 Myths of the Bible and how it
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8 101 Myths of the Bible Adam and E
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10 101 Myths of the Bible earlier E
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12 101 Myths of the Bible 2. darkne
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14 yth #3: Creation began with the
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16 101 Myths of the Bible but it wa
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18 yth #6: God called the firmament
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20 101 Myths of the Bible mounds of
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22 yth #9: God created the heavenly
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24 yth #10: Birds emerged from the
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26 101 Myths of the Bible scholars
Page 59 and 60: 28 yth #12: God created Adam and Ev
Page 61 and 62: 30 101 Myths of the Bible While thi
Page 63 and 64: 32 yth #13: God gave man dominion o
Page 65 and 66: 34 yth #14: God created earth on th
Page 67 and 68: 36 101 Myths of the Bible carried t
Page 69 and 70: 38 101 Myths of the Bible Sabbath,
Page 71 and 72: 40 101 Myths of the Bible ers of th
Page 73 and 74: 42 101 Myths of the Bible As the re
Page 75 and 76: 44 101 Myths of the Bible give birt
Page 77 and 78: 46 yth #19: God formed Adam from th
Page 79 and 80: 48 yth #20: God planted a Tree of L
Page 81 and 82: 50 101 Myths of the Bible and each
Page 83 and 84: 52 101 Myths of the Bible between t
Page 85 and 86: 54 yth #23: Eve came from Adam’s
Page 87 and 88: 56 yth #24: Adam gained wisdom with
Page 89 and 90: 58 yth #25: There were other beings
Page 91 and 92: 60 101 Myths of the Bible The secon
Page 93 and 94: 62 yth #27: Adam and Eve lived a si
Page 95 and 96: 64 yth #28: The serpent was more su
Page 97 and 98: 66 yth #29: God punished Adam, Eve,
Page 99 and 100: 68 yth #30: Cain killed Abel. The M
Page 101 and 102: 70 101 Myths of the Bible return to
Page 103 and 104: 72 101 Myths of the Bible Enoch, bu
Page 105 and 106: 74 101 Myths of the Bible of vowels
Page 107 and 108: 76 yth #33: Ham was the father of C
Page 109: 78 yth #34: Noah released birds to
Page 113 and 114: 82 101 Myths of the Bible ity. So,
Page 115 and 116: 84 yth #36: All earthly life had be
Page 117 and 118: 86 101 Myths of the Bible Because t
Page 119 and 120: 88 101 Myths of the Bible sition cl
Page 121 and 122: 90 yth #39: The rain lasted forty d
Page 123 and 124: 92 yth #40: The flood covered the e
Page 125 and 126: 94 yth #42: All living creatures no
Page 127 and 128: 96 101 Myths of the Bible for examp
Page 129 and 130: 98 101 Myths of the Bible moved the
Page 131 and 132: 100 101 Myths of the Bible used wit
Page 133 and 134: 102 101 Myths of the Bible clearly
Page 135 and 136: 104 101 Myths of the Bible Libya, a
Page 138 and 139: yths of the Founders AN OVERVIEW he
Page 140 and 141: Myths of the Founders 109 and siste
Page 142 and 143: Myths of the Founders 111 Joseph ha
Page 144 and 145: Myths of the Founders 113 In the fi
Page 146 and 147: yth #48: Abraham came from Ur of th
Page 148 and 149: yth #49: Abraham left Egypt to go t
Page 150 and 151: Myths of the Founders 119 But, no s
Page 152 and 153: Myths of the Founders 121 Genesis c
Page 154 and 155: Myths of the Founders 123 said, My
Page 156 and 157: Myths of the Founders 125 handful o
Page 158 and 159: yth #51: Lot’s wife turned into a
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yth #52: Lot fathered Ammon and Moa
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yth #53: Abraham pretended that Sar
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Myths of the Founders 133 tell thee
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yth #54: Jacob and Esau fought in t
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Myths of the Founders 137 Plutarch
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Myths of the Founders 139 Genesis t
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Myths of the Founders 141 to one of
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Myths of the Founders 143 give all
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yth #57: Jacob wrestled with a stra
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Myths of the Founders 147 In additi
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Myths of the Founders 149 major cul
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yth #60: Jacob buried Rachel in Bet
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Myths of the Founders 153 The Egypt
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Myths of the Founders 155 The main
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Myths of the Founders 157 In the E
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Myths of the Founders 159 You would
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Myths of the Founders 161 Naphtali
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Myths of the Founders 163 As Jacob
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Myths of the Founders 165 descripti
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yth #66: Jacob awarded the sceptre
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yth #67: Benjamin was born in Canaa
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yth #68: Dan was an Israelite tribe
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yth #69: Jacob gave Joseph a coat o
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yth #70: Joseph’s brothers sold h
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Myths of the Founders 177 This port
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Myths of the Founders 179 The Herod
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Myths of the Founders 181 After Jos
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Myths of the Founders 183 dead had
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yths of the Heroes AN OVERVIEW omet
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Myths of the Heroes 189 course of t
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Myths of the Heroes 191 Solomon imp
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yth #72: Egypt enslaved Israel for
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Myths of the Heroes 195 Despite the
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Myths of the Heroes 197 Reducing Go
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yth #73: Jochebed placed the infant
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Myths of the Heroes 201 These two E
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Myths of the Heroes 203 of the prec
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yth #75: God sent ten plagues again
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Myths of the Heroes 207 Bible: And
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Myths of the Heroes 209 that the Is
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Myths of the Heroes 211 fallen ones
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Myths of the Heroes 213 bols to cha
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yth #78: Moses gave Israel the Ten
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Myths of the Heroes 217 The Book of
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Myths of the Heroes 219 dus 24:1, w
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Myths of the Heroes 221 are the Ten
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Myths of the Heroes 223 widespread
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Myths of the Heroes 225 But for his
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Myths of the Heroes 227 placed it i
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Myths of the Heroes 229 of statue.
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Myths of the Heroes 231 That Josiah
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yth #81: God denied Moses entry int
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Myths of the Heroes 235 And I besou
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yth #82: Joshua parted the Jordan.
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yth #83: Joshua tumbled the walls o
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yth #84: Rahab aided the Israelite
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yth #85: Joshua ruined Ai. The Myth
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yth #86: The sun stood still upon G
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Myths of the Heroes 247 the sun was
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Myths of the Heroes 249 Judah, nor
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Myths of the Heroes 251 after the t
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Myths of the Heroes 253 the archaeo
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Myths of the Heroes 255 ents wouldn
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Myths of the Heroes 257 Israel enjo
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Myths of the Heroes 259 Tabor locat
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Myths of the Heroes 261 parent. In
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yth #93: Samson judged Israel for t
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Myths of the Heroes 265 Because of
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Myths of the Heroes 267 The identit
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yth #94: Samson pulled down a Phili
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yth #95: Micah stole silver from hi
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Myths of the Heroes 273 named Ahija
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Myths of the Heroes 275 These passa
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Myths of the Heroes 277 The story o
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Myths of the Heroes 279 Since the B
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Myths of the Heroes 281 spear as en
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Myths of the Heroes 283 The present
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yth #99: Solomon did not impose for
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yth #100: Daniel predicted the futu
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Myths of the Heroes 289 Daniel appe
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Myths of the Heroes 291 Elamites. P
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Myths of the Heroes 293 Agagite’s
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296 101 Myths of the Bible The proc
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298 101 Myths of the Bible millenni
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Suggested Reading The suggested ref
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Suggested Reading 303 The only subs
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Table of Maps World of the Patriarc
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Table of Maps 307 Distribution of t
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1 Chronicles, Book of, xxii 1 Kings
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Index 311 Chaeremon, 200 cherubim,
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Index 313 and Eve, 58; lifestyle in
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Index 315 Potipher's wife, 180-83;
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Index 317 Osiris, 4, 9, 21, 23, 44,
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Index 319 Ten Commandments, The, 20
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In his startling book, Gary Greenbe
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